@article {Bangs201567,
	title = {{Fluid accumulation along the Costa Rica subduction thrust and development of the seismogenic zone}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth},
	volume = {120},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {67{\textendash}86},
	abstract = {In 2011 we acquired an 11 {\texttimes} 55 km, 3-D seismic reflection volume across the Costa Rica margin, NW of the Osa Peninsula, to accurately image the subduction thrust in 3-D, to examine fault zone properties, and to infer the hydrogeology that controls fluid accumulation along the thrust. Following processing to remove water column multiples, noise, and acquisition artifacts, we constructed a 3-D seismic velocity model for Kirchhoff prestack depth migration imaging. Images of the plate boundary thrust show high-reflection amplitudes underneath the middle to lower slope that we attribute to fluid-rich, poorly drained portions of the subduction thrust. At \~{} 5 km subseafloor, beneath the upper slope, the plate interface abruptly becomes weakly reflective, which we interpret as a transition to a well-drained subduction thrust. Mineral dehydration during diagenesis may also diminish at 5 km subseafloor to reduce fluid production and contribute to the downdip change from high to low amplitude. There is also a layered fabric and systems of both thrust and normal faults within the overriding plate that form a "plumbing system." Faults commonly have fault plane reflections and are presumably fluid charged. The faults and layered fabric form three compartmentalized hydrogeologic zones: (1) a shallow NE dipping zone beneath the slope, (2) a steeply SW dipping zone beneath the shelf slope break, and (3) a NE dipping zone beneath the shelf. The more direct pathway in the middle zone drains the subduction thrust more efficiently and contributes to reduced fluid pressure, elevates effective stress, and creates greater potential for unstable coseismic slip. {\textcopyright}2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JB011265},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84924020398\&partnerID=40\&md5=d49719196f3f40ccbd90cc13a525e689},
	author = {Bangs, N.L.a and McIntosh, K.D.a and Silver, E.A.b and Kluesner, J.W.b and Ranero, C.R.c}
}
@inbook {MasanaOrtunoM.E.FerraterM.PereaH.BaizeS.EcheverriaA.PallasR.GarciaMelendezE.Martinez-DiazJ.J.andRockwell2014,
	title = {{Fine grained bodies as evidence of {\textquotedblleft}dusty{\textquotedblright} paleoearthquakes in the Alhama de Murcia Fault geological record}},
	booktitle = {Una aproximaci{\'o}n multidisciplinar al estudio de fallas activas, los terremotos y el riesgo s{\'\i}smico},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {23{\textendash}26},
	isbn = {978-84-617-2049-1},
	url = {http://www.researchgate.net/publication/267574309\_Una\_aproximacin\_multidisciplinar\_al\_estudio\_de\_las\_fallas\_activas\_los\_terremotos\_y\_el\_riesgo\_ssmico},
	author = {Masana, Ortu{\~n}o, M., E. and Ferrater, M. and Perea, H. and Baize, S. and Echeverria, A. and Pall{\`a}s, R. and Garc{\'\i}a Mel{\'e}ndez, E. and Mart{\'\i}nez-D{\'\i}az and J.J. and Rockwell, T.}
}
@booklet {Urgeles2014,
	title = {{Fluid flow focusing in passive continental margins : Significance to submarine slope instability}},
	year = {2012},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {73{\textendash}82},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	abstract = {Comprises the Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2-8 June 2012},
	isbn = {9780415621236},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/90563},
	author = {Urgeles, R}
}
@article {Geissler2010,
	title = {{Focal mechanisms for sub-crustal earthquakes in the Gulf of Cadiz from a dense OBS deployment}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {37},
	number = {18},
	year = {2010},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {An eleven-month deployment of 25 ocean bottom seismometers provides an unprecedented opportunity to study low-magnitude local earthquakes in the complex transpressive plate boundary setting of the Gulf of Cadiz, known for the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami. 36 relocated earthquakes (ML 2.2 to 4.8) concentrate at 40-60 km depth, near the base of the seismogenic layer in \~{}140 Ma old oceanic mantle lithosphere, and roughly align along two perpendicular, NNE-SSW and WNW-ESE striking structures. First motion focal mechanisms indicate compressive stress for the cluster close to the northern Horseshoe fault termination which trends perpendicular to plate convergence. Focal mechanisms for the second cluster near the southern termination of the Horseshoe fault indicate a strike-slip regime, providing evidence for present-day activity of a dextral shear zone proposed to represent the Eurasia-Africa plate contact. We hypothesize that regional tectonics is characterized by slip partitioning. {\textcopyright} 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GL044289},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957722745\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Geissler, W. H. and Matias, L. and Stich, D. and Carrilho, F. and Jokat, W. and Monna, S. and IbenBrahim, A. and Mancilla, F. and Gutscher, M.-A. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Zitellini, N.}
}
@article {Petersen2009,
	title = {{Fluid seepage and mound formation offshore Costa Rica revealed by deep-towed sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler data}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {266},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {172{\textendash}181},
	abstract = {Our analysis of geoacoustic data from the Middle American margin provides an insight into the formation and evolution mechanisms of mound structures observed on the continental slope offshore Costa Rica. Based on high-resolution deep-towed sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler (SBP) data six different mound and fluid seepage structures at the Hongo mound field are characterized in detail. The Hongo mound field is located on the lower continental slope offshore Nicoya peninsula in the prolongation of the subducting Nicoya fracture zone. The mounds have oval to circular shapes with diameters of 500-1600 m and relief heights of 60-100 m. High backscatter anomalies near the mound summits indicate carbonate precipitation and focused fluid seepage activity within the last 10 ka. The data do not show evidence for mud extrusions and the structures were probably formed by a combination of carbonate precipitation and mud diapirism. Based on seismic stratigraphy analysis, mud diapirism is at least active since 42.5-57 ka and average vertical growth rates vary between 6-24 cm/ka. However, if diapirism represents the dominant mound evolution mechanism, mound heights of 80 m point to much older mound ages of 330-1330 ka. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {carbonate, deep-towed side-scan sonar, fluid seepage, mound, mud diapir, sub-bottom profiler},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2009.08.004},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-72049084256\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Petersen, Carl J{\"o}rg and Klaucke, Ingo and Weinrebe, Wilhelm and Ranero, Cesar R.}
}
@article {Sahling2008,
	title = {{Fluid seepage at the continental margin offshore Costa Rica and southern Nicaragua}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {may},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {A systematic search for methane-rich fluid seeps at the seafloor was conducted at the Pacific continental margin offshore southern Nicaragua and northern central Costa Rica, a convergent margin characterized by subduction erosion. More than 100 fluid seeps were discovered using a combination of multibeam bathymetry, side-scan sonar imagery, TV-sled observations, and sampling. This corresponds, on average, to a seep site every 4 km along the continental slope. In the northwestern part of the study area, subduction of oceanic crust formed at the East Pacific Rise is characterized by pervasive bending-induced faulting of the oceanic plate and a relatively uniform morphology of the overriding continental margin. Seepage at this part of the margin typically occurs at approximately cone-shaped mounds 50 - 100 m high and up to 1 km wide at the base. Over 60 such mounds were identified on the 240 km long margin segment. Some normal faults also host localized seepage. In contrast, in the southeast, the 220 km long margin segment overriding the oceanic crust formed at the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Centre has a comparatively more irregular morphology caused mainly by the subduction of ridges and seamounts sitting on the oceanic plate. Over 40 seeps were located on this part of the margin. This margin segment with irregular morphology exhibits diverse seep structures. Seeps are related to landslide scars, seamountsubduction related fractures, mounds, and faults. Several backscatter anomalies in side-scan images are without apparent relief and are probably related to carbonate precipitation. Detected fluid seeps are not evenly distributed across the margin but occur in a roughly margin parallel band centered 28 {\textpm} 7 km landward of the trench. This distribution suggests that seeps are possibly fed to fluids rising from the plate boundary along deep-penetrating faults through the upper plate. Copyrignt 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	keywords = {Authigenic carbonate, Chemosynthetic community, Subduction erosion},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008GC001978},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70350099584\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Sahling, Heiko and Masson, Douglas G. and Ranero, Cesar R. and H{\"u}hnerbach, Veit and Weinrebe, Wilhelm and Klaucke, Ingo and B{\"u}rk, Dietmar and Br{\"u}ckmann, Warner and Suess, Erwin}
}
