@article {Biescas2010,
	title = {{Seismic imaging of staircase layers below the Mediterranean Undercurrent}},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {57},
	number = {10},
	year = {2010},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {1345{\textendash}1353},
	abstract = {Seismic images of staircase layers at the bottom of the Mediterranean Undercurrent with a lateral coherence up to 50. km and a horizontal resolution of \~{}10m are presented. The images show clearly the interaction between these staircase layers and other flow structures such as meddies, seamounts and internal waves. The staircase layers were imaged during two different surveys that used different sound sources. Comparison between seismic images and historical oceanographic observations illustrates the importance of using a seismic source adapted to the vertical scale of the oceanographic target to be imaged. Wavelengths larger than the size of the staircase structure distort the image in the vertical. For optimal imaging, deconvolution of the data is required. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {Boundary mixing, Gulf of Cadiz, Meddy, Mediterranean Undercurrent, Seismic oceanography, Thermohaline staircase layers},
	issn = {09670637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.001},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956879722\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Biescas, Berta and Armi, Larry and Sallares, Valenti and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia}
}
@article {Buffett2009,
	title = {{Seismic reflection along the path of the Mediterranean Undercurrent}},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {29},
	number = {15},
	year = {2009},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {1848{\textendash}1860},
	abstract = {Seismic reflection profiling is applied to the study of large scale physical oceanographic processes in the Gulf of C{\'a}diz and western Iberian coast, coinciding with the path of the Mediterranean Undercurrent. The multi-channel seismic reflection method provides clear images of thermohaline fine structure with a horizontal resolution approximately two orders of magnitude higher than CTD casting. The seismic data are compared with co-located historical oceanographic data. Three seismic reflectivity zones are identified: North Atlantic Central Water, Mediterranean Water and North Atlantic Deep Water. Seismic evidence for the path of the Mediterranean Undercurrent is found in the near-slope reflectivity patterns, with rising reflectors between about 500 and 1500 m. However, the core of the undercurrent is largely transparent. Seismic images show that central and, particularly, intermediate Mediterranean Waters have fine structure coherent over horizontal distances of several tens of kilometers. However, the intensity of the reflectors, and their horizontal coherence, decreases downstream. This change in seismic reflectivity is probably the result of diminished vertical thermohaline contrasts between adjacent water masses, so that double-diffusion processes become unable to sustain temperature and salinity staircases. Comparison of root-mean-square seismic amplitudes with temperature and salinity differences between the Mediterranean Undercurrent and the overlying central waters suggests a causal relationship between observed thermohaline fine structure and true seismic amplitudes. We estimate that, within this intermediate water stratum, impedance contrasts are mainly controlled by sound speed contrasts (a factor between 3.5 and 10 times larger than density contrasts), which are mainly controlled by temperature contrasts (a factor between 1.5 and 5 times larger than salinity contrasts). {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Amplitude, Entrainment, Mediterranean Undercurrent, Mixing, Salinity, Seismic oceanography, Temperature, thermohaline fine structure},
	issn = {02784343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2009.05.017},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-69249209739\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Buffett, G.G. and Biescas, B. and Pelegr{\'\i}, J.L. and Mach{\'\i}n, F. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Carbonell, R. and Klaeschen, D. and Hobbs, R.}
}
