@article {Buffett2010,
	title = {{Stochastic heterogeneity mapping around a mediterranean salt lens}},
	journal = {Ocean Science},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {423{\textendash}429},
	abstract = {We present the first application of Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping based on the band-limited von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n function to a seismic reflection stack of a Mediterranean water eddy (meddy), a large salt lens of Mediterranean water. This process extracts two stochastic parameters directly from the reflectivity field of the seismic data: the Hurst number, which ranges from 0 to 1, and the correlation length (scale length). Lower Hurst numbers represent a richer range of high wavenumbers and correspond to a broader range of heterogeneity in reflection events. The Hurst number estimate for the top of the meddy (0.39) compares well with recent theoretical work, which required values between 0.25 and 0.5 to model internal wave surfaces in open ocean conditions based on simulating a Garrett-Munk spectrum (GM76) slope of \&-2. The scale lengths obtained do not fit as well to seismic reflection events as those used in other studies to model internal waves. We suggest two explanations for this discrepancy: (1) due to the fact that the stochastic parameters are derived from the reflectivity field rather than the impedance field the estimated scale lengths may be underestimated, as has been reported; and (2) because the meddy seismic image is a two-dimensional slice of a complex and dynamic three-dimensional object, the derived scale lengths are biased to the direction of flow. Nonetheless, varying stochastic parameters, which correspond to different spectral slopes in the Garrett-Munk spectrum (horizontal wavenumber spectrum), can provide an estimate of different internal wave scales from seismic data alone. We hence introduce Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping as a novel tool in physical oceanography.},
	issn = {18120784},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77950468840\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Buffett, G. G. and Hurich, C. A. and Vsemirnova, E. A. and Hobbs, R. W. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Carbonell, R. and Klaeschen, D. and Biescas, B.}
}
@article {Buffett2009,
	title = {{Seismic reflection along the path of the Mediterranean Undercurrent}},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {29},
	number = {15},
	year = {2009},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {1848{\textendash}1860},
	abstract = {Seismic reflection profiling is applied to the study of large scale physical oceanographic processes in the Gulf of C{\'a}diz and western Iberian coast, coinciding with the path of the Mediterranean Undercurrent. The multi-channel seismic reflection method provides clear images of thermohaline fine structure with a horizontal resolution approximately two orders of magnitude higher than CTD casting. The seismic data are compared with co-located historical oceanographic data. Three seismic reflectivity zones are identified: North Atlantic Central Water, Mediterranean Water and North Atlantic Deep Water. Seismic evidence for the path of the Mediterranean Undercurrent is found in the near-slope reflectivity patterns, with rising reflectors between about 500 and 1500 m. However, the core of the undercurrent is largely transparent. Seismic images show that central and, particularly, intermediate Mediterranean Waters have fine structure coherent over horizontal distances of several tens of kilometers. However, the intensity of the reflectors, and their horizontal coherence, decreases downstream. This change in seismic reflectivity is probably the result of diminished vertical thermohaline contrasts between adjacent water masses, so that double-diffusion processes become unable to sustain temperature and salinity staircases. Comparison of root-mean-square seismic amplitudes with temperature and salinity differences between the Mediterranean Undercurrent and the overlying central waters suggests a causal relationship between observed thermohaline fine structure and true seismic amplitudes. We estimate that, within this intermediate water stratum, impedance contrasts are mainly controlled by sound speed contrasts (a factor between 3.5 and 10 times larger than density contrasts), which are mainly controlled by temperature contrasts (a factor between 1.5 and 5 times larger than salinity contrasts). {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Amplitude, Entrainment, Mediterranean Undercurrent, Mixing, Salinity, Seismic oceanography, Temperature, thermohaline fine structure},
	issn = {02784343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2009.05.017},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-69249209739\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Buffett, G.G. and Biescas, B. and Pelegr{\'\i}, J.L. and Mach{\'\i}n, F. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Carbonell, R. and Klaeschen, D. and Hobbs, R.}
}
