@article {Prada201563,
	title = {{The complex 3-D transition from continental crust to backarc magmatism and exhumed mantle in the Central Tyrrhenian basin}},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {203},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {63{\textendash}78},
	abstract = {Geophysical data from the MEDOC experiment across the Northern Tyrrhenian backarc basin has mapped a failed rift during backarc extension of cratonic Variscan lithosphere. In contrast, data across the Central Tyrrhenian have revealed the presence of magmatic accretion followed by mantle exhumation after continental breakup. Here we analyse the MEDOC transect E-F, which extends from Sardinia to the Campania margin at 40.5{\textdegree}N, to define the distribution of geological domains in the transition from the complex Central Tyrrhenian to the extended continental crust of the Northern Tyrrhenian. The crust and uppermost mantle structure along this \~{}400-km-long transect have been investigated based on wide-angle seismic data, gravity modelling and multichannel seismic reflection imaging. The P-wave tomographic model together with a P-wave-velocity-derived density model and the multichannel seismic images reveal seven different domains along this transect, in contrast to the simpler structure to the south and north. The stretched continental crust under Sardinia margin abuts the magmatic crust of Cornaglia Terrace, where accretion likely occurred during backarc extension. Eastwards, around Secchi seamount, a second segment of thinned continental crust (7-8 km) is observed. Two short segments of magmatically modified continental crust are separated by the \~{}5-km-wide segment of the Vavilov basin possibly made of exhumed mantle rocks. The eastern segment of the 40.5{\textdegree}N transect E-F is characterized by continental crust extending from mainland Italy towards the Campania margin. Ground truthing and prior geophysical information obtained north and south of transect E-F was integrated in this study to map the spatial distribution of basement domains in the Central Tyrrhenian basin. The northward transition of crustal domains depicts a complex 3-D structure represented by abrupt spatial changes of magmatic and non-magmatic crustal domains. These observations imply rapid variations of magmatic activity difficult to reconcile with current models of extension of continental lithosphere essentially 2-D over long distances. {\textcopyright} The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggv271},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84942122080\&partnerID=40\&md5=02bdb76af30a3b605991623f90757147},
	author = {Prada, M.a and Sallar{\`e}s, V.a and Ranero, C.R.b and Vendrell, M.G.a and Grevemeyer, I.c and Zitellini, N.d and de Franco, R.e}
}
@article {Giaconia2015,
	title = {{Compressional tectonic inversion of the Algero-Balearic basin: Latemost Miocene to present oblique convergence at the Palomares margin (Western Mediterranean)}},
	journal = {Tectonics},
	volume = {34},
	number = {7},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {1516{\textendash}1543},
	keywords = {10.1002/2015TC003861 and Active tectonics, Abubacer anticline, multichannel seismics, Palomares fault zone, Tectonic inversion, Western Mediterranean},
	issn = {02787407},
	doi = {10.1002/2015TC003861},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015TC003861},
	author = {Giaconia, Flavio and Booth-Rea, Guillermo and Ranero, C{\'e}sar R and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Calahorrano, Alcinoe and Lo Iacono, Claudio and Vendrell, Montserrat G and Cameselle, Alejandra L and Costa, Sergio and G{\'o}mez de la Pe{\~n}a, Laura and Mart{\'\i}nez-Loriente, Sara and Perea, Hector and Vi{\~n}as, Marina}
}
@article {Grevemeyer2015,
	title = {{Seismicity and active tectonics in the Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean: Constraints from an offshore-onshore seismological network and swath bathymetry data}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth},
	year = {2015},
	abstract = {Seismicity and tectonic structure of the Alboran Sea were derived from a large amphibious seismological network deployed in the offshore basins and onshore in Spain and Morocco, an area where the convergence between the African and Eurasian plates causes distributed deformation. Crustal structure derived from local earthquake data suggests that the Alboran Sea is underlain by thinned continental crust with a mean thickness of about 20km. During the 5months of offshore network operation, a total of 229 local earthquakes were located within the Alboran Sea and neighboring areas. Earthquakes were generally crustal events, and in the offshore domain, most of them occurred at crustal levels of 2 to 15km depth. Earthquakes in the Alboran Sea are poorly related to large-scale tectonic features and form a 20 to 40km wide NNE-SSW trending belt of seismicity between Adra (Spain) and Al Hoceima (Morocco), supporting the case for a major left-lateral shear zone across the Alboran Sea. Such a shear zone is in accord with high-resolution bathymetric data and seismic reflection imaging, indicating a number of small active fault zones, some of which offset the seafloor, rather than supporting a well-defined discrete plate boundary fault. Moreover, a number of large faults known to be active as evidenced from bathymetry, seismic reflection, and paleoseismic data such as the Yusuf and Carboneras faults were seismically inactive. Earthquakes below the Western Alboran Basin occurred at 70 to 110km depth and hence reflected intermediate depth seismicity related to subducted lithosphere. {\textcopyright} 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	doi = {10.1002/2015JB012073},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84949685458\&partnerID=40\&md5=f8fcd419da7cfea696b0fd9d4be46078},
	author = {Grevemeyer, I.a and Gr{\`a}cia, E.b and Villase{\~n}or, A.c and Leuchters, W.a and Watts, A.B.d}
}
@article {Hensen01042015,
	title = {{Strike-slip faults mediate the rise of crustal-derived fluids and mud volcanism in the deep sea}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {43},
	number = {4},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {339{\textendash}342},
	abstract = {We report on newly discovered mud volcanoes located at \~{}4500 m water depth \~{}90 km west of the deformation front of the accretionary wedge of the Gulf of Cadiz, and thus outside of their typical geotectonic environment. Seismic data suggest that fluid flow is mediated by a >400-km-long strike-slip fault marking the transcurrent plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia. Geochemical data (Cl, B, Sr, 87Sr/86Sr, $δ$18O, $δ$D) reveal that fluids originate in oceanic crust older than 140 Ma. On their rise to the surface, these fluids receive strong geochemical signals from recrystallization of Upper Jurassic carbonates and clay-mineral dehydration in younger terrigeneous units. At present, reports of mud volcanoes in similar deep-sea settings are rare, but given that the large area of transform-type plate boundaries has been barely investigated, such pathways of fluid discharge may provide an important, yet unappreciated link between the deeply buried oceanic crust and the deep ocean.},
	doi = {10.1130/G36359.1},
	url = {http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/43/4/339.abstract},
	author = {Hensen, Christian and Scholz, Florian and Nuzzo, Marianne and Valadares, Vasco and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Terrinha, Pedro and Liebetrau, Volker and Kaul, Norbert and Silva, Sonia and Mart{\'\i}nez-Loriente, Sara and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Pi{\~n}ero, Elena and Magalh{\~a}es, Vitor H and Schmidt, Mark and Weise, Stephan M and Cunha, Marina and Hilario, Ana and Perea, Hector and Rovelli, Lorenzo and Lackschewitz, Klas}
}
@article {Arroyo2014,
	title = {{Interplate seismicity at the CRISP drilling site: The 2002 Mw 6.4 Osa Earthquake at the southeastern end of the Middle America Trench}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {15},
	number = {7},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {3035{\textendash}3050},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {We investigate potential relations between variations in seafloor relief and age of the incoming plate and interplate seismicity. Westward from Osa Peninsula in Costa Rica, a major change in the character of the incoming Cocos Plate is displayed by abrupt lateral variations in seafloor depth and thermal structure. Here a Mw 6.4 thrust earthquake was followed by three aftershock clusters in June 2002. Initial relocations indicate that the main shock occurred fairly trenchward of most large earthquakes along the Middle America Trench off central Costa Rica. The earthquake sequence occurred while a temporary network of OBH and land stations \~{}80 km to the northwest were deployed. By adding readings from permanent local stations, we obtain uncommon P wave coverage of a large subduction zone earthquake. We relocate this catalog using a nonlinear probabilistic approach within both, a 1-D and a 3-D P wave velocity models. The main shock occurred \~{}25 km from the trench and probably along the plate interface at 5-10 km depth. We analyze teleseismic data to further constrain the rupture process of the main shock. The best depth estimates indicate that most of the seismic energy was radiated at shallow depth below the continental slope, supporting the nucleation of the Osa earthquake at \~{}6 km depth. The location and depth coincide with the plate boundary imaged in prestack depth-migrated reflection lines shot near the nucleation area. Aftershocks propagated downdip to the area of a 1999 Mw 6.9 sequence and partially overlapped it. The results indicate that underthrusting of the young and buoyant Cocos Ridge has created conditions for interplate seismogenesis shallower and closer to the trench axis than elsewhere along the central Costa Rica margin. {\textcopyright} 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {earthquake relocation, erosional margin, interplate drilling},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GC005359},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906266765\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Arroyo, Ivonne G. and Grevemeyer, Ingo and Ranero, Cesar R. and von Huene, Roland}
}
@article {Prada2014,
	title = {{Seismic structure of the Central Tyrrhenian basin: Geophysical constraints on the nature of the main crustal domains}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {119},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {52{\textendash}70},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {In this work we investigate the crustal and tectonic structures of the Central Tyrrhenian back-arc basin combining refraction and wide-angle reflection seismic (WAS), gravity, and multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data, acquired during the MEDOC (MEDiterr{\'a}neo OCcidental)-2010 survey along a transect crossing the entire basin from Sardinia to Campania at 40{\textdegree}N. The results presented include a \~{}450 km long 2-D P wave velocity model, obtained by the traveltime inversion of the WAS data, a coincident density model, and a MCS poststack time-migrated profile. We interpret three basement domains with different petrological affinity along the transect based on the comparison of velocity and velocity-derived density models with existing compilations for continental crust, oceanic crust, and exhumed mantle. The first domain includes the continental crust of Sardinia and the conjugate Campania margin. In the Sardinia margin, extension has thinned the crust from \~{}20 km under the coastline to \~{}13 km \~{}60 km seaward. Similarly, the Campania margin is also affected by strong extensional deformation. The second domain, under the Cornaglia Terrace and its conjugate Campania Terrace, appears to be oceanic in nature. However, it shows differences with respect to the reference Atlantic oceanic crust and agrees with that generated in back-arc oceanic settings. The velocities-depth relationships and lack of Moho reflections in seismic records of the third domain (i.e., the Magnaghi and Vavilov basins) support a basement fundamentally made of mantle rocks. The large seamounts of the third domain (e.g., Vavilov) are underlain by 10-20 km wide, relatively low-velocity anomalies interpreted as magmatic bodies locally intruding the mantle. {\textcopyright}2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {back-arc crust, exhumed mantle, Rifting, traveltime tomography, Tyrrhenian basin, wide-angle seismics},
	issn = {21699313},
	doi = {10.1002/2013JB010527},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896740908\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Prada, M. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Ranero, C. R. and Vendrell, M. G. and Grevemeyer, I. and Zitellini, N. and de Franco, R.}
}
@booklet {HensenC.ScholzF.MarianneN.ValadaresV.GraciaE.TerrinhaP.LiebetrauV.KaulN.SilvaS.Martinez-lorienteS.BartolomeR.PineroE.MagalhaesV.H.SchmidtM.WeiseS.M.CunhaM.HilarioA.Pereah.RovelliL.2014,
	title = {{Strike-slip Faults Mediate the Rise of Basement-Derived Fluids and Mud Volcanism in the Deep Sea}},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Geology},
	author = {Hensen, C. and Scholz, F. and Marianne, N. and Valadares, V. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Terrinha, P. and Liebetrau, V. and Kaul, N. and Silva, S. and Martinez-Loriente, S. and Bartolome, R. and Pi{\~n}ero, E. and Mag{\~a}lhaes, V.H. and Schmidt, M. and S.M., Weise and Cunha, M. and Hilario, A. and Perea, H. and Rovelli, L. K.}
}
@inbook {Torbahn2014a,
	title = {{Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences}},
	booktitle = {Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences},
	series = {Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2014},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {85{\textendash}94},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {6th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences (ISSMMTC), 23-25 September 2013, Kiel, Germany.{\textendash} 9 pages},
	keywords = {Discrete element method, failure, mechanism, pore volume change, sediment fabric, sediment strength},
	isbn = {978-3-319-00971-1},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8},
	author = {Torbahn, Lutz and Huhn, Katrin},
	editor = {Krastel, Sebastian and Behrmann, Jan-Hinrich and V{\"o}lker, David and Stipp, Michael and Berndt, Christian and Urgeles, Roger and Chaytor, Jason and Huhn, Katrin and Strasser, Michael and Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie}
}
@conference {Buffett2013,
	title = {{Characterization of thermohaline staircases in the Tyrrhenian Sea using stochastic heterogeneity mapping}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {005013{\textendash}005013},
	abstract = {Processed multi-channel seismic (MCS) data acquired in the Tyrrhenian Sea in April-May 2010 provide images of oceanic thermohaline staircases. Using Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping we characterize spatial reflector variations. This method is based on the band-limited von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n function. For scale sizes smaller than the correlation length, the von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n model describes a power law (fractal) process. We are most interested in the extraction of the exponent in the power law (The Hurst exponent) because it allows us to characterize the richness of scales present in the data set. Lower Hurst exponents represent a richer range of wavenumbers and therefore correspond to a broader range of heterogeneity in the observed seismic reflection events. The Hurst exponent is related to the fractal dimension and to the slope in the Garrett-Munk wavenumber spectrum. We interpret a richer range of heterogeneity as indicative of a greater degree of turbulent mixing. Data are presented alongside benchmark calibrations of synthetic seismic data generated from random fractal surfaces. We observe an oscillation in the Hurst exponent spectra as a function of frequency that is interpreted to represent a preferential coupling of energy across different spatial scales. {\textcopyright} 2013 Acoustical Society of America.},
	issn = {1939800X},
	doi = {10.1121/1.4799057},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84878961126\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Buffett, Grant G. and Hobbs, Richard W. and Vsemirnova, Ekaterina A. and Klaeschen, Dirk and Hurich, Charles A. and Ranero, César and Sallarès, Valentí}
}
@article {Kluesner2013,
	title = {{High density of structurally controlled, shallow to deep water fluid seep indicators imaged offshore Costa Rica}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {519{\textendash}539},
	abstract = {We used high-resolution mapping to document 161 sites of potential fluid seepage on the shelf and slope regions where no geophysical seep indicators had been reported. Identified potential seabed seepage sites show both high-backscatter anomalies and bathymetric expressions, such as pockmarks, mounds, and ridges. Almost all identified seabed features are associated with bright spots and flat spots beneath, as mapped within the 3-D seismic grid. We obtained EM122 multi-beam data using closely spaced receiver beams and 4-5 times overlapping multi-beam swaths, which greatly improved the sounding density and geologic resolvability of the data. At least one location shows an acoustic plume in the water column on a 3.5 kHz profile, and this plume is located along a fault trace and above surface and subsurface seepage indicators. Fluid indicators are largely associated with folds and faults within the sediment section, and many of the faults continue into and offset the reflective basement. A dense pattern of normal faults is seen on the outer shelf in the multi-beam bathymetry, backscatter, and 3-D seismic data, and the majority of fluid seepage indicators lie along mapped fault traces. Furthermore, linear mounds, ridges, and pockmark chains are found on the upper, middle, and lower slope regions. The arcuate shape of the shelf edge, projection of the Quepos Ridge, and high density of potential seep sites suggest that this area may be a zone of former seamount/ridge subduction. These results demonstrate a much greater potential seep density and distribution than previously reported across the Costa Rican margin. {\textcopyright}2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {Costa Rica, fluid flow, fluid seepage, Marine Geology and Geophysics, subduction zones},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20058},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84879641763\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Kluesner, Jared W. and Silver, Eli A. and Bangs, Nathan L. and McIntosh, Kirk D. and Gibson, James and Orange, Daniel and Ranero, Cesar R. and von Huene, Roland}
}
@booklet {Volpi2013,
	title = {{Late Neogene to Recent seafloor instability on the deep Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula}},
	year = {2013},
	month = {mar},
	publisher = {SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology)},
	abstract = {17 pages, 12 figures, 1 table},
	keywords = {Antarctic Peninsula, contourite sedimentation, Pacific margin, Slope instability},
	isbn = {isbn: 978-1-56576-287-9},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/72631},
	author = {Volpi, Valentina and Amblas, David and Camerlenghi, Angelo and Canals, Miquel and Rebesco, M. and Urgeles, Roger}
}
@article {Lucchi2013,
	title = {{Postglacial sedimentary processes on the Storfjorden and Kveithola trough mouth fans: Significance of extreme glacimarine sedimentation}},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2013},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {309{\textendash}326},
	abstract = {The depositional history of the Storfjorden and Kveithola trough-mouth fans (TMFs) in the northwestern Barents Sea has been investigated within two coordinated Spanish and Italian projects in the framework of the International Polar Year (IPY) Activity 367, NICE STREAMS. The investigation has been conducted using a multidisciplinary approach to the study of sediment cores positioned on high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and TOPAS/CHIRP sub-bottom profiles.Core correlation and the age model were based on 27 AMS 14C samples, rock magnetic parameters, lithofacies sequences, and the presence of marker beds including two oxidized layers marking the post Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) inception of deglaciation (OX-2) and the Younger Dryas cold climatic event (OX-1).Sediment facies analysis allowed the distinction of a number of depositional processes whose onset appears closely related to ice stream dynamics and oceanographic patterns in response to climate change. The glacigenic diamicton with low water content, high density, and high shear strength, deposited during glacial maxima, indicates ice streams grounded at the shelf edge. Massive release of IRD occurred at the inception of deglaciation in response to increased calving rates with possible outer ice streams lift off and collapse. The presence of a several-meter-thick sequence of interlaminated sediments deposited by subglacial outbursts of turbid meltwater (plumites) indicates rapid ice streams{\textquoteright} melting and retreat. Crudely-layered and heavily-bioturbated sediments were deposited by contour currents under climatic/environmental conditions favorable to bioproductivity.The extreme sedimentation rate of 3.4cma-1 calculated for the plumites from the upper-slope area indicates a massive, nearly instantaneous (less than 150years), terrigenous input corresponding to an outstanding meltwater event. We propose these interlaminated sediments to represent the high-latitude marine record of MeltWater Pulse 1a (MWP-1a). Different bathymetric and oceanographic conditions controlled locally the mode of glacial retreat, resulting in different thickness of plumites on the upper continental slope of the Storfjorden and Kveithola TMFs. It is possible that the southern part of Storfjorden TMF received additional sediments from the deglaciation of the neighboring Kveithola ice stream. {\textcopyright} 2013.},
	keywords = {Barents Sea, Gullies, LGM, Meltwater plumes, MWP-1a, Sedimentary processes},
	issn = {09218181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.10.008},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84887563264\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Lucchi, R.G. and Camerlenghi, A. and Rebesco, M. and Colmenero-Hidalgo, E. and Sierro, F.J. and Sagnotti, L. and Urgeles, R. and Melis, R. and Morigi, C. and B{\'a}rcena, M.-A. and Giorgetti, G. and Villa, G. and Persico, D. and Flores, J.-A. and Rigual-Hern{\'a}ndez, A.S. and Pedrosa, M.T. and Macri, P. and Caburlotto, A.}
}
@booklet {Martinez-Loriente2013a,
	title = {{Pre-stack depth migration seismic imaging of the Coral Patch Ridge and adjacent Horseshoe and Seine Abyssal Plains (Gulf of Cadiz): tectonic implications}},
	year = {2013},
	month = {apr},
	publisher = {Universidad de Oviedo},
	abstract = {Peer Reviewed},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/75234},
	author = {Martinez-Loriente, S. and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Klaeschen, D. and Vizcaino, A. and Sallares, Valenti and Da{\~n}obeitia, Juan Jos{\'e} and Zitellini, N.}
}
@booklet {Goldfinger,
	title = {{Turbidite Event History{\textemdash}Methods and Implications for Holocene Paleoseismicity of the Cascadia Subduction Zone}},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {U. S. Geological Survey},
	abstract = {Appendices. {\textendash} 170 pages, 64 figures, 13 tables.},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/66386},
	author = {Goldfinger, Chris and Nelson, C. Hans and Morey, Ann E. and Johnson, Joel E. and Patton, Jason and Karabanov, Eugene and Guti{\'e}rrez-Pastor, Julia and Eriksson, Andrew T. and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Dunhill, Gita and Enkin, Randolph J. and Dallimore, Audrey and Vallier, Tracy}
}
@article {Geersen2011,
	title = {{Active tectonics of the South Chilean marine fore arc (35{\textdegree}S-40{\textdegree}S)}},
	journal = {Tectonics},
	volume = {30},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {The South Chilean marine fore arc (35{\textdegree}S-40{\textdegree}S) is separated into four tectonic segments, Concepci{\'o}n North, Concepci{\'o}n South, Nahuelbuta, and Tolten (from north to south). These are each characterized by their individual tectonic geomorphology and reflect different ways of mechanical and kinematic interaction of the convergent Nazca and South American plates. Splay faults that cut through continental framework rock are seismically imaged in both Concepci{\'o}n segments and the Tolten Segment. Additionally, the Concepci{\'o}n South Segment exhibits prominent upper plate normal faults. Normal faults apparently relate to uplift caused by sediment underthrusting at depth. This has led to oversteepening and gravitational collapse of the marine fore arc. There is also evidence for sediment underthrusting and basal accretion to the overriding plate in the Tolten Segment. There, uplift of the continental slope has created a landward inclined seafloor over a latitudinal distance of 50 km. In the Nahuelbuta Segment transpressive upper plate faults, aligned oblique to the direction of plate motion, control the seafloor morphology. Based on a unique acoustic data set including >90\% of bathymetric coverage of the continental slope we are able to reveal an along-strike heterogeneity of a complexly deformed marine fore arc which had escaped attention in previous studies that only considered the structure along transects normal to the plate margin. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {02787407},
	doi = {10.1029/2010TC002777},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79958808106\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Geersen, Jacob and Behrmann, Jan H. and V{\"o}lker, David and Krastel, Sebastian and Ranero, Cesar R. and Diaz-Naveas, Juan and Weinrebe, Wilhelm}
}
@article {Urgeles2011a,
	title = {{New constraints on the Messinian sealevel drawdown from 3D seismic data of the Ebro Margin, western Mediterranean}},
	journal = {Basin Research},
	volume = {23},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {123{\textendash}145},
	abstract = {We present new 3D seismic and well data from the Ebro Margin, NW Mediterranean Sea, to shed new light on the processes that formed the Messinian Erosion Surfaces (MES) of the Valencia Trough (Mediterranean Sea). We combine these data with backstripping techniques to provide a minimum estimate of the Messinian sea level fall in the EBRO Margin, as well as coupled isostasy and river incision and transport modeling to offer new constraints on the evolution of the adjacent subaerial Ebro Basin. Four major seismic units are identified on the Cenozoic Ebro Margin, based on the seismic data, including two major prograding megasequences that are separated by a major unconfirmity: the MES. The 3D seismic data provide an unprecedented view of the MES and display characteristic features of subaerial incision, including a drainage network with tributaries of at least five different orders, terraces and meandering rivers. The Messinian landscape presents a characteristic stepped-like profile that allows the margin to be subdivided in three different regions roughly parallel to the coastline. No major tectonic control exists on the boundaries between these regions. The boundary between the two most distal regions marks the location of a relatively stable base level, and this is used in backstripping analysis to estimate the magnitude of sea level drop associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis on the Ebro Margin. The MES on the Ebro Margin is dominated by a major fluvial system, that we identify here as the Messinian Ebro River. The 3D seismic data, onshore geology and modeling results indicate that the Ebro River drained the Ebro Basin well in advance of the Messinian. {\textcopyright} 2010 The Authors. Basin Research {\textcopyright} 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists \& Engineers and International Association of Sedimentologists.},
	issn = {0950091X},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2117.2010.00477.x},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79952079451\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Urgeles, Roger and Camerlenghi, Angelo and Garcia-Castellanos, Daniel and De Mol, Ben and Garc{\'e}s, Miquel and Verg{\'e}s, Jaume and Haslam, Ian and Hardman, Martin}
}
@article {Nemser,
	title = {{Compilation of parameterized seismogenic sources in Iberia for the SHARE European-scale seismic source model.}},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {201{\textendash}204},
	keywords = {Database, Fault, Seismogenic, SHARE},
	isbn = {978-84-693-6088-0},
	url = {https://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/handle/10174/6247},
	author = {Nemser, E.S. and Garc{\'\i}a-Mayordomo, J. and Cabral, J. and Fonseca, J. and Mart{\'\i}nez-D{\'\i}az, J.J. and Alfaro Garc{\'\i}a, P. and {\`A}lvarez G{\'o}mez, J.A. and Atakan, K. and Aza{\~n}{\'o}n Hern{\'a}ndez, J.M. and Basili, R. and Besana-Ostman, G.M. and Bezzeghoud, M. and Borges, J.F. and Brum da Silveira, A. and Carlos Lopes, F. and Carvalho, J. and Dias, R.P. and Figueiredo, P.M. and Garc{\'\i}a Fern{\'a}ndez, M. and Giner Robles, J. and Gonzalez, A. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Gutierrez, F. and Insua Ar{\'e}valo, J.M. and Jim{\'e}nez, M.J. and Jim{\'e}nez-D{\'\i}az, A. and Lafuente Tom{\'a}s, P. and Lucha, P. and Madeira, J. and Martin Gonz{\'a}lez, F. and Masana, E. and Matias, L. and Moreno, X. and Ortu{\~n}o, M. and Perea, H. and P{\'e}rez L{\'o}pez, R. and Rodr{\'\i}guez Pascua, M.A. and Ruano, P. and Santanach, P. and Sanz de Galdeano, C. and Silva Barroso, P. and Silva, S. and Sim{\'o}n, J.L. and Terrinha, P. and Vilanova, S. and Villamor, P. and Wong, J.}
}
@article {Gracia2010,
	title = {{Holocene earthquake record offshore Portugal (SW Iberia): testing turbidite paleoseismology in a slow-convergence margin}},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {29},
	number = {9-10},
	year = {2010},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1156{\textendash}1172},
	abstract = {The SW margin of the Iberian Peninsula hosts the present-day boundary between the Eurasian and African Plates. Convergence (4-5 mm/yr) is accommodated through a wide deformation zone characterized by moderate magnitude seismic activity. This zone has also been the source of the most important seismic events in Western Europe, such as the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake and Tsunami and 1969 Horseshoe Earthquake. Despite efforts to identify active seismogenic structures in the Gulf of Cadiz in the last ten years, little is known about its paleoseismic history. The turbidite paleoseismology approach was applied for the first time in a low-rate convergent margin to determine the recurrence interval of large earthquake events that occurred in SW Iberia during the Holocene. Four sediment cores collected at strategically located sites offshore Portugal (i.e. Tagus Abyssal Plain, Infante Don Henrique Basin and Horseshoe Abyssal Plain) reveal that these deep-sea basins preserve a record of episodic deposition of turbidites. In the SW Iberian Margin excluding special climatic events, earthquakes are the most likely triggering mechanism for synchronous, widely-spaced distributed turbidites during the Holocene, when the sea level was relatively stable. Age correlation together with textural, mineralogical, physical properties and geochemical signatures of the new cores complemented by pre-existing multicores and gravity cores reveals a total of 7 widespread turbidite events for the Holocene. Precise dating of the most recent turbidite event (E1) based on 210Pb and 137Cs geochronology provides an age of AD 1971 {\textpm} 3. This age corresponds to a high-magnitude instrumental earthquake in the region: the 1969 Horseshoe Earthquake (Mw 8.0). Calibrated 14C ages of subsequent widespread turbidite events (E3 and E5) correlate with the dates of important historical earthquakes and paleotsunami deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz area, such as AD 1755 and 218 BC, respectively. If older synchronous events (E6, E8, and E10) with ages ranging from 4960-5510 yr BP to 8715-9015 yr BP are also taken into account, a great earthquake recurrence interval of about 1800 years is obtained for the Holocene. Our correlations suggest that the turbidite record may be considered as a proxy for paleoseismic activity in low-convergence rate margins, and a valuable complementary tool in earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment along the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.010},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77950629573\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Vizcaino, Alexis and Escutia, Carlota and Asioli, Alessandra and Rod{\'e}s, {\'A}ngel and Pall{\`a}s, Raimon and Garcia-Orellana, Jordi and Lebreiro, Susana and Goldfinger, Chris}
}
@article {Bernabeu2010,
	title = {{Simulating the influence of physicochemical parameters on subsurface oil on beaches: preliminary results.}},
	journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
	volume = {60},
	number = {8},
	year = {2010},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {1170{\textendash}1174},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {Monitoring of sandy beaches after the Prestige oil spill revealed thick subsurface layers (up to 1m thick) of grey-coloured sand. These horizons were sometimes found under more than 3m of clean sand. Examination of the sand by electron microscopy confirmed that the colouring was due to oil-coated sand grains, and revealed a sequence of degradation of buried oil. Further analysis of the sand revealed high concentrations of hydrocarbon in the oil-coated sand and that the main biomarkers were indicative of biodegradation, even though the oil was buried. A set of experiments was designed to analyze the evolution of oil from tar balls to coatings. The results revealed that biodegradation is a secondary process in the changes that take place in the buried oil, and that water flow slows down the appearance of grey sand and that low salinity may hinder the oil degradation process.},
	keywords = {Bathing Beaches, Biodegradation, Chemical, Chemical Hazard Release, Environmental, Environmental Monitoring, Kinetics, Models, Petroleum, Petroleum: analysis, Petroleum: metabolism, Silicon Dioxide, Silicon Dioxide: chemistry},
	issn = {1879-3363},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.04.001},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451931},
	author = {Bernabeu, Ana M and Rey, D and Lago, A and Vilas, F}
}
@article {Buffett2010,
	title = {{Stochastic heterogeneity mapping around a mediterranean salt lens}},
	journal = {Ocean Science},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {423{\textendash}429},
	abstract = {We present the first application of Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping based on the band-limited von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n function to a seismic reflection stack of a Mediterranean water eddy (meddy), a large salt lens of Mediterranean water. This process extracts two stochastic parameters directly from the reflectivity field of the seismic data: the Hurst number, which ranges from 0 to 1, and the correlation length (scale length). Lower Hurst numbers represent a richer range of high wavenumbers and correspond to a broader range of heterogeneity in reflection events. The Hurst number estimate for the top of the meddy (0.39) compares well with recent theoretical work, which required values between 0.25 and 0.5 to model internal wave surfaces in open ocean conditions based on simulating a Garrett-Munk spectrum (GM76) slope of \&-2. The scale lengths obtained do not fit as well to seismic reflection events as those used in other studies to model internal waves. We suggest two explanations for this discrepancy: (1) due to the fact that the stochastic parameters are derived from the reflectivity field rather than the impedance field the estimated scale lengths may be underestimated, as has been reported; and (2) because the meddy seismic image is a two-dimensional slice of a complex and dynamic three-dimensional object, the derived scale lengths are biased to the direction of flow. Nonetheless, varying stochastic parameters, which correspond to different spectral slopes in the Garrett-Munk spectrum (horizontal wavenumber spectrum), can provide an estimate of different internal wave scales from seismic data alone. We hence introduce Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping as a novel tool in physical oceanography.},
	issn = {18120784},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77950468840\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Buffett, G. G. and Hurich, C. A. and Vsemirnova, E. A. and Hobbs, R. W. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Carbonell, R. and Klaeschen, D. and Biescas, B.}
}
@article {Harris2010a,
	title = {{Thermal regime of the Costa Rican convergent margin: 1. Along-strike variations in heat flow from probe measurements and estimated from bottom-simulating reflectors}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {11},
	number = {12},
	year = {2010},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {The thermal structure of convergent margins provides information related to the tectonics, geodynamics, metamorphism, and fluid flow of active plate boundaries. We report 176 heat flow measurements made with a violin bow style probe across the Costa Rican margin at the Middle America Trench. The probe measurements are collocated with seismic reflection lines. These seismic reflection lines show widespread distribution of bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs). To extend the spatial coverage of heat flow measurements we estimate heat flow from the depth of BSRs. Comparisons between probe measurements and BSR-derived estimates of heat flow are generally within 10\% and improve with distance landward of the deformation front. Together, these determinations provide new information on the thermal regime of this margin. Consistent with previous studies, the margin associated with the northern Nicoya Peninsula is remarkably cool. We define better the southern boundary of the cool region. The northern extent of the cool region remains poorly determined. A regional trend of decreasing heat flow landward of the deformation front is apparent, consistent with the downward advection of heat by the subducting Cocos Plate. High wave number variability at a scale of 5-10 km is significantly greater than the measurement uncertainty and is greater south of the northern Nicoya Peninsula. These heat flow anomalies vary between approximately 20 and 60 mW m-2 and are most likely due to localized fluid flow through mounds and faults on the margin. Simple one-dimensional models show that these anomalies are consistent with flow rates of 7-15 mm yr-1. Across the margin toe variability is significant and likely due to fluid flow through deformation structures associated with the frontal sedimentary prism. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	keywords = {fluid flow, heat flow, Middle America Trench, subduction zones},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GC003272},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650544794\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Harris, Robert N. and Grevemeyer, Ingo and Ranero, Cesar R. and Villinger, Heinrich and Barckhausen, Udo and Henke, Thomas and Mueller, Christian and Neben, Soenke}
}
@article {Harris2010,
	title = {{Thermal regime of the Costa Rican convergent margin: 2. Thermal models of the shallow Middle America subduction zone offshore Costa Rica}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {11},
	number = {12},
	year = {2010},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {At the Costa Rica margin along the Middle America Trench along-strike variations in heat flow are well mapped. These variations can be understood in terms of either ventilated fluid flow, where exposed basement allows fluids to freely advect heat between the crustal aquifer and ocean, or insulated fluid flow where continuous sediment cover restricts heat advection to within the crustal aquifer. We model fluid flow within the subducting aquifer using Nusselt number approximations coupled with finite element models of subduction and explore its effect on temperatures along the subduction thrust. The sensitivity of these models to the initial thermal state of the plate and styles of fluid flow, either ventilated or insulated, is explored. Heat flow measurements on cool crust accreted at the East Pacific Rise are consistent with ventilated hydrothermal cooling that continues with subduction. These models yield much cooler temperatures than predicted from simulations initialized with conductive predictions and without hydrothermal circulation. Heat flow transects on warm crust accreted at the Cocos-Nazca spreading center are consistent with models of insulated hydrothermal circulation that advects heat updip within the subducting crustal aquifer. Near the trench these models are warmer than conductive predictions and cooler than conductive predictions downdip of the trench. Comparisons between microseismicity and modeled isotherms suggest that the updip limit of microseismicity occurs at temperatures warmer than 100{\textdegree}C and that the downdip extent of microseismicity is bounded by the intersection of the subduction thrust with the base of the overriding crust. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	keywords = {fluid flow, subduction zones, thermal model},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GC003273},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650528793\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Harris, Robert N. and Spinelli, Glenn and Ranero, Cesar R. and Grevemeyer, Ingo and Villinger, Heinrich and Barckhausen, Udo}
}
@article {Hobbs2009,
	title = {{Effect of seismic source bandwidth on reflection sections to image water structure}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {36},
	number = {21},
	year = {2009},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {L00D08},
	abstract = {The seismic reflection profile is the convolution of the seismic acquisition impulse response and the target impedance contrasts. In the ocean, these contrasts are mainly determined by the widths and gradients of the temperature transitions between the different water masses. Hence seismic oceanography profiles are sensitive to the frequency bandwidth of the seismic acquisition system. We tested a novel seismic source that allowed us to simultaneously profile the ocean with differing impulse responses. We show that frequencies \~{}20 Hz are best to delineate large impedance contrasts that occur over a vertical scale of several tens of meters whereas frequencies \~{}80 Hz image the boundaries of layers of around 10 m. We demonstrate a towed acquisition system that can operate from a research vessel to give a bandwidth from 10 to 120 Hz that could, if required, be modified to provide frequencies up to 200 Hz. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GL040215},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-72049094260\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Hobbs, R. W. and Klaeschen, D. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Vsemirnova, E. and Papenberg, C.}
}
@article {VonHuene2009,
	title = {{Neogene collision and deformation of convergent margins along the backbone of the Americas}},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Memoirs},
	volume = {204},
	year = {2009},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {67{\textendash}83},
	abstract = {Along Pacific convergent margins of the Americas, high-standing relief on the subducting oceanic plate "collides" with continental slopes and subducts. Features common to many collisions are uplift of the continental margin, accelerated seafloor erosion, accelerated basal subduction erosion, a flat slab, and a lack of active volcanism. Each collision along America{\textquoteright}s margins has exceptions to a single explanation. Subduction of an \~{}600 km segment of the Yakutat terrane is associated with >5000-m-high coastal mountains. The terrane may currently be adding its unsubducted mass to the continent by a seaward jump of the deformation front and could be a model for docking of terranes in the past. Cocos Ridge subduction is associated with >3000-m-high mountains, but its shallow subduction zone is not followed by a flat slab. The entry point of the Nazca and Juan Fernandez Ridges into the subduction zone has migrated southward along the South American margin and the adjacent coast without unusually high mountains. The Nazca Ridge and Juan Fernandez Ridges are not actively spreading but the Chile Rise collision is a triple junction. These collisions form barriers to trench sediment transport and separate accreting from eroding segments of the frontal prism. They also occur at the separation of a flat slab from a steeply dipping one. At a smaller scale, the subduction of seamounts and lesser ridges causes temporary surface uplift as long as they remain attached to the subducting plate. Off Costa Rica, these features remain attached beneath the continental shelf. They illustrate, at a small scale, the processes of collision. {\textcopyright} 2009 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0072-1069},
	doi = {10.1130/2009.1204(03)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77949859751\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {von Huene, R and Ranero, C.R}
}
@article {Lebreiro2009,
	title = {{Sediment instability on the Portuguese continental margin under abrupt glacial climate changes (last 60kyr)}},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	number = {27-28},
	year = {2009},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {3211{\textendash}3223},
	abstract = {It is well established that orbital scale sea-level changes generated larger transport of sediments into the deep-sea during the last glacial maximum than the Holocene. However, the response of sedimentary processes to abrupt millennial-scale climate variability is rather unknown. Frequency of distal turbidites and amounts of advected detrital carbonate are estimated off the Lisbon-Set{\'u}bal canyons (core MD03-2698, at 4602 mwd), within a chronostratigraphy based on radiometric ages, oxygen isotopes and paleomagnetic key global anomalies. We found that: 1) higher frequency of turbidites concurred with Northern Hemisphere coldest temperatures (Greenland Stadials [GS], including Heinrich [H] events). But more than that, an escalating frequency of turbidites starts with the onset of global sea-level rising (and warming in Antarctica) and culminates during H events, at the time when rising is still in its early-mid stage, and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is re-starting. This short time span coincides with maximum gradients of ocean surface and bottom temperatures between GS and Antarctic warmings (Antarctic Isotope Maximum; AIM 17, 14, 12, 8, 4, 2) and rapid sea-level rises. 2) Trigger of turbidity currents is not the only sedimentary process responding to millennial variability; land-detrital carbonate (with a very negative bulk $δ$18O signature) enters the deep-sea by density-driven slope lateral advection, accordingly during GS. 3) Possible mechanisms to create slope instability on the Portuguese continental margin are sea-level variations as small as 20 m, and slope friction by rapid deep and intermediate re-accommodation of water masses circulation. 4) Common forcing mechanisms appear to drive slope instability at both millennial and orbital scales. {\textcopyright} 2009.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.08.007},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70549094210\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Lebreiro, S.M. and Voelker, A.H.L. and Vizcaino, A. and Abrantes, F.G. and Alt-Epping, U. and Jung, S. and Thouveny, N. and Gr{\`a}cia, E.}
}
@book {VonHuene2009a,
	title = {{Subduction Zone Geodynamics}},
	series = {Frontiers in Earth Sciences},
	year = {2009},
	month = {oct},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	abstract = {21 pages, 8 figures, 1 table},
	keywords = {Accretion, Convergent margins, Subduction erosion},
	isbn = {978-3-540-87971-8},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-87974-9},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/83778 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/83778},
	author = {von Huene, Roland and Ranero, Cesar R. and Scholl, Dave W.},
	editor = {Lallemand, Serge and Funiciello, Francesca}
}
@article {Vazquez2008,
	title = {{Cenozoic deformational structures on the Galicia Bank Region (NW Iberian continental margin)}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {249},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {128{\textendash}149},
	abstract = {An analysis of Cenozoic tectonics was carried out on the Galicia Bank Region by means of 750~km of single-channel and 155~km of multi-channel vertical seismic profiles and multibeam bathymetry. This work forms part of a general study aimed at determining the geological risk in the wreck area of the Prestige oil tanker. Several structures affecting the post-rift sedimentary units were identified: I) Faults inherited from the Lower Cretaceous propagating rift (reactivated and non-reactivated), including reactivated normal (N-S, NW-SE) and transfer (NE-SW) faults; and II) Structures resulting from compressive episodes in the Paleogene to Upper Miocene and the Upper Miocene to the Present, including a) neotectonic normal faults decoupled from the basement structure, b) folds and flexures and c) reverse faults (NE-SW to ENE-SWS) related to the Bay of Biscay subduction, that are the most striking regional structures. The characterization of structural style, sedimentary post-rift unit deformation and morphological trends were used to carry out a detailed study of the morphostructure of the Galicia Bank Region. Six morphostructural provinces were differentiated, from E to W: 1) the Galicia Interior Basin related to a main graben; 2) the Transitional Zone, which is a horst and graben territory; 3) the Galicia Bank Main Horst; 4) the Half-Graben Domain; 5) the Deep Galicia Margin, whose structure shows rotated blocks; and 6) the Northwestern Flank, characterized by reverse faults. The Transitional Zone and the Galicia Bank provinces are assumed to be the two morphostructural provinces of the Galicia Bank marginal platform. The origin of the Cenozoic deformation must have been related to reactivation processes during the Pyrenean orogeny. We propose that the fault pattern observed in the study area is related to the phase of renewed Mesozoic fault activity. Polyphase extension in the rifting stage and Cenozoic movements have produced an extensional interference pattern that is evident in the physiography. The decouplage between basement tectonics and upper sedimentary unit tectonics suggests the presence of a viscous layer. A thrust-related main antiform related to the Bay of Biscay subduction is proposed to explain the origin of the Galicia Bank morphology. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Cenozoic, fault reactivation, Galicia Bank, morphostructure, physiography, tectonics},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2007.09.014},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-39549103245\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {V{\'a}zquez, J.T. and Medialdea, T. and Ercilla, G. and Somoza, L. and Estrada, F. and Fern{\'a}ndez Puga, M.C. and Gallart, J. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Maestro, A. and Sayago, M.}
}
@article {Ercilla2008,
	title = {{High-resolution seismic stratigraphy of the Galicia Bank Region and neighbouring abyssal plains (NW Iberian continental margin)}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {249},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {108{\textendash}127},
	abstract = {The high-resolution seismic stratigraphy of the Galicia Bank Region and adjacent deposits of the neighbouring Iberian and Biscay Abyssal Plains was included as part of the geological studies conducted in the area where the oil-tanker Prestige wreck is located. This seismic stratigraphy is characterized by five seismic units (5 to 1, from oldest to youngest) lying above an irregular acoustic basement defined by a highly fractured system of horsts and grabens. These faulted systems have controlled the local depositional architecture, deforming, fracturing, relocating and distributing sediments since the Valanginian. Three depositional models of facies can be recognized on the Galicia Bank Region and surrounding abyssal plains: bank, escarpment, and abyssal plain facies. The bank facies reflects the depositional evolution from initial filling to obliterating stages of the horsts and grabens. The escarpment facies has a local distribution and represents deposition associated with active slopes of the faulted escarpments. The abyssal plain facies represents gravity flow deposits coming mostly from the bounded-fault flanks of the Galicia Bank Region. The Valanginian to Quaternary sedimentary evolution of the Galicia Bank Region reflects depositional responses to tectonic condition. The occurrence of mass-movements confirms that the syn-rift period (Valanginian to Aptian age) along the Galicia margin was diachronous, beginning in the Interior Basin and shifting later toward the west of the Galicia Bank Region (Deep Galicia Margin). The Albian to Quaternary post-rift evolution is characterized by a decrease in tectonic activity and sedimentary variations in the style of deposition (valley and related features, mass-movement deposits, contourites, and drape deposits) conditioned by changes in the sedimentary processes, paleoenvironments, and tectonic reactivation of the regional slopes. The effects of tectonic movements persist, as evidenced in areas where faulted escarpments and highs outcrop, and in areas of near-surface faulting. The syn-rift and post-rift stages have also conditioned the depositional architecture of the Prestige sinking area. The evolution of the surrounding abyssal plains does not reflect the same pattern to tectonic condition. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {facies architecture, Galicia Bank, high-resolution seismic profiles, sedimentary evolution, seismic facies, stratigraphy},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2007.09.009},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-39649109232\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Ercilla, G. and Garc{\'\i}a-Gil, S. and Estrada, F. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Vizcaino, A. and V{\'a}quez, J.T. and D{\'\i}az, S. and Vilas, F. and Casas, D. and Alonso, B. and Da{\~n}obeitia, J. and Farran, M.}
}
@article {Ranero2008,
	title = {{Hydrogeological system of erosional convergent margins and its influence on tectonics and interplate seismogenesis}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {Fluid distribution in convergent margins is by most accounts closely related to tectonics. This association has been widely studied at accretionary prisms, but at half of the Earth{\textquoteright}s convergent margins, tectonic erosion grinds down overriding plates, and here fluid distribution and its relation to tectonics remain speculative. Here we present a new conceptual model for the hydrological system of erosional convergent margins. The model is based largely on new data and recently published observations from along the Middle America Trench offshore Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and it is consistent with observations from other erosional margins. The observations indicate that erosional margins possess previously unrecognized distinct hydrogeological systems: Most fluid contained in the sediment pores and liberated by early dehydration reactions drains from the plate boundary through a fractured upper plate to seep at the seafloor across the slope, rather than migrating along the d{\'e}collement toward the deformation front as described for accretionary prisms. The observations indicate that the relative fluid abundance across the plate-boundary fault zone and fluid migration influence long-term tectonics and the transition from aseismic to seismogenic behavior. The segment of the plate boundary where fluid appears to be more abundant corresponds to the locus of long-term tectonic erosion, where tectonic thinning of the overriding plate causes subsidence and the formation of the continental slope. This correspondence between observations indicates that tectonic erosion is possibly linked to the migration of overpressured fluids into the overriding plate. The presence of overpressured fluids at the plate boundary is compatible with the highest flow rates estimated at slope seeps. The change from aseismic to seismogenic behavior along the plate boundary of the erosional margin begins where the amount of fluid at the fault declines with depth, indicating a control on interplate earthquakes. A previously described similar observation along accreting plate boundaries strongly indicates that fluid abundance exerts a first-order control on interplate seismogenesis at all types of subduction zones. We hypothesize that fluid depletion with depth increases grain-to-grain contact, increasing effective stress on the fault, and modifies fault zone architecture from a thick fault zone to a narrower zone of localized slip. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	keywords = {fluid flow, Seismogenesis, subduction zones, Tectonic erosion},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GC001679},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67349265252\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Ranero, C. R. and Grevemeyer, I. and Sahling, H. and Barckhausen, U. and Hensen, C. and Wallmann, K. and Weinrebe, W. and Vannucchi, P. and von Huene, R. and McIntosh, K.}
}
@article {PhippsMorgan2008,
	title = {{Intra-arc extension in Central America: Links between plate motions, tectonics, volcanism, and geochemistry}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {272},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {365{\textendash}371},
	abstract = {This study revisits the kinematics and tectonics of Central America subduction, synthesizing observations of marine bathymetry, high-resolution land topography, current plate motions, and the recent seismotectonic and magmatic history in this region. The inferred tectonic history implies that the Guatemala-El Salvador and Nicaraguan segments of this volcanic arc have been a region of significant arc tectonic extension; extension arising from the interplay between subduction roll-back of the Cocos Plate and the \~{} 10-15mm/yr slower westward drift of the Caribbean plate relative to the North American Plate. The ages of belts of magmatic rocks paralleling both sides of the current Nicaraguan arc are consistent with long-term arc-normal extension in Nicaragua at the rate of \~{} 5-10mm/yr, in agreement with rates predicted by plate kinematics. Significant arc-normal extension can {\textquoteright}hide{\textquoteright} a very large intrusive arc-magma flux; we suggest that Nicaragua is, in fact, the most magmatically robust section of the Central American arc, and that the volume of intrusive volcanism here has been previously greatly underestimated. Yet, this flux is hidden by the persistent extension and sediment infill of the rifting basin in which the current arc sits. Observed geochemical differences between the Nicaraguan arc and its neighbors which suggest that Nicaragua has a higher rate of arc-magmatism are consistent with this interpretation. Smaller-amplitude, but similar systematic geochemical correlations between arc-chemistry and arc-extension in Guatemala show the same pattern as the even larger variations between the Nicaragua arc and its neighbors. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {arc geochemistry, Central America, extension, magmatism, Plate Tectonics},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.004},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-47749095517\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Phipps Morgan, J. and Ranero, C.R. and Vannucchi, P.}
}
@article {Panahi2008,
	title = {{A Low-Power Datalogger Based on CompactFlash Memory for Ocean Bottom Seismometers}},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement},
	volume = {57},
	number = {10},
	year = {2008},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2297{\textendash}2303},
	abstract = {In the last decade, marine scientific instruments have been in high demand, particularly autonomous instruments that are capable of staying under water for a long time while performing continuous data acquisition and storage. This paper introduces an instrument under development that is used for the study of ocean bottom sublayers and microseismic detection. The power consumption of the equipment has been minimized to increase autonomy, and CompactFlash memory cards have been used as the storage element. Development of such equipment is a joint effort between different disciplines, such as electronics, mechanics, geophysics, underwater communications, etc. The acquisition system was tested both in the laboratory and under real environmental conditions in the summer of 2005, and the results have been evaluated. {\textcopyright} 2008 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, CompactFlash memory, Datalogger, Effective number of bits (ENOB), Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS), Power consumption, Time base},
	issn = {0018-9456},
	doi = {10.1109/TIM.2008.919005},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-52649175960\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Panahi, S.S. and Ventosa, S. and Cadena, J. and Manuel-Lazaro, A. and Bermudez, A. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Piera, J.}
}
@article {Hernandez-Molina2008,
	title = {{Recent sedimentary processes in the Prestige site area (Galicia Bank, NW Iberian Margin) evidenced by high-resolution marine geophysical methods}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {249},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {21{\textendash}45},
	abstract = {An echo-character analysis of the oil tanker Prestige wreck area was undertaken using high-resolution marine geophysical methods (TOPAS and airgun seismic-reflection profiles, multibeam echosounder and TOBI sidescan sonar). Integration and comparison of the results using all these methods is presented given some practical applications for indirect near-surface and seafloor interpretations. Ten different echo types were identified and grouped into four main classes: I) distinct; II) indistinct; III) irregular and IV) hyperbolic. Echo-character distribution enabled us to determine recent sedimentary processes in the area. Two major depositional systems can be found through the identification of these sedimentary processes: a) a slope depositional system (SDS) located in the eastern and central area, where mass-movement processes are dominant and b) a turbiditic Main Channel depositional system (TDS) located in the western area where channel-related processes are dominant. Both of these interact over the half-graben structure of the southwestern sector of the Galicia Bank, where the Prestige wreck is located. Within the SDS, erosive and depositional mass-movement processes characterised a complex depositional system. Erosive processes occur on the fault scarp, channels head, inter-lobe channels and distal part of the sedimentary lobes. Moreover, depositional processes take place on the top of the fault scarp, sedimentary wedges, sedimentary lobes, and on the west flank of the Main Channel. Both depositional systems interact, but the SDS should be more active during fault-scarp reactivation periods, through relief rejuvenation and new exposed deposits. Microearthquake activity would favour the available materials, being weathered, eroded and transported by mass-movements. In such a situation, the TDS acts as the main collector of eroded sediment derived from the fault scarp throughout the SDS being responsible for its evacuation into the Iberian Abyssal Plain. However, outside of fault reactivation periods, the SDS is less active (such as during the present situation). {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {echo-character analysis, Galicia Bank, high-resolution seismic profiles, sedimentary process, swath bathymetry, TOBI sidescan sonar},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2007.09.011},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-39549115454\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Hern{\'a}ndez-Molina, F.J. and Llave, E. and Ercilla, G. and Maestro, A. and Medialdea, T. and Ferrin, A. and Somoza, L. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Masson, D.G. and Garc{\'\i}a, M. and Vizcaino, A. and Le{\'o}n, R.}
}
@inbook {RaneroC.R.;vonHueneR.;WeinrebeW.andBarckhausen2007,
	title = {{Convergent margin tectonics of Middle America: A marine perspective}},
	booktitle = {Central America, Geology, Hazards and Resources},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {239{\textendash}265},
	keywords = {A. A. Balkema Publisher)., Ed. G. Alvarado and J. Bunschu},
	url = {http://sfx.bibliotecas.csic.es/sfx\_local?url\_ver=Z39.88-2004\&rft\_val\_fmt=info\%3Aofi\%2Ffmt\%3Akev\%3Amtx\%3Abook\&rft.genre=bookitem\&rft.btitle=Central America\%3A Geology\%2C Resources and Hazards\&rft.spage=239\&rft.epage=265\&rft.date=2007\&rft.aulast=Ranero\&},
	author = {Ranero, C. R. and von Huene, R. and Weinrebe, W. and Barckhausen, U.}
}
@article {Larrasoana2007,
	title = {{Diagenetic formation of greigite and pyrrhotite in gas hydrate marine sedimentary systems}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {261},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {350{\textendash}366},
	abstract = {Mineral magnetic results and electron microscope observations from gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments cored at southern Hydrate Ridge during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 204 (Sites 1244 to 1252, Cascadia Margin, offshore Oregon) demonstrate that authigenic greigite and pyrrhotite formed as a byproduct of microbially-mediated diagenetic reactions in the sulphate, the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), and the methanic/gas hydrate zones. Geochemical conditions favourable for formation and preservation of greigite and pyrrhotite appear to be a limited source of sulphide, whether it derives from microbially-driven sulphate reduction in the sulphate zone, in the AOM zone or in deep sediments undergoing AOM, so that pyritization reactions are not driven to completion. Our results indicate that rock magnetic identification of greigite and pyrrhotite should be useful for detecting ancient gas hydrate systems in the marine sedimentary record, because it can enable rapid screening of ancient sediments for potential horizons where methane and disseminated gas hydrates might have occurred. Formation of authigenic greigite and pyrrhotite at different depths within the gas hydrate stability zone also implies that the magnetization of the host sediments will have been acquired at variable times, which is likely to compromise paleomagnetic results from greigite- and pyrrhotite-bearing marine sediments. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {anaerobic oxidation of methane, diagenesis, gas hydrate, greigite, iron sulphide, marine sediments, methane, mineral magnetism, pyrrhotite, siderite, sulphate reduction},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.032},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548475090\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Larrasoa{\~n}a, Juan C. and Roberts, Andrew P. and Musgrave, Robert J. and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Pi{\~n}ero, Elena and Vega, Marta and Mart{\'\i}nez-Ruiz, Francisca}
}
@article {Ranero2007,
	title = {{Drilling the Seismogenic Zone of an Erosinal Convergent Margin: IODP Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project CRISP}},
	journal = {Scientific Drilling},
	number = {Special, No. 1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {51{\textendash}54},
	issn = {1816-3459},
	doi = {10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.29.2007},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-72749124634\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Ranero, Cesar R. and Vannucchi, Paola and von Huene, Roland}
}
@article {Pinero2007,
	title = {{Gas hydrate disturbance fabrics of southern Hydrate Ridge sediments (ODP Leg 204): Relationship with texture and physical properties}},
	journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2-4},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {279{\textendash}288},
	abstract = {Soupy and mousse-like fabrics are disturbance sedimentary features that result from the dissociation of gas hydrate, a process that releases water. During the core retrieval process, soupy and mousse-like fabrics are produced in the gas hydrate-bearing sediments due to changes in pressure and temperature conditions. Therefore, the identification of soupy and mousse-like fabrics can be used as a proxy for the presence of gas hydrate in addition to other evidence, such as pore water freshening or anomalously cool temperature. We present here grain-size results, mineralogical composition and magnetic susceptibility data of soupy and mousse-like samples from the southern Hydrate Ridge (Cascadia accretionary complex) acquired during Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program. In order to study the relationship between sedimentary texture and the presence of gas hydrates, we have compared these results with the main textural and compositional data available from the same area. Most of the disturbed analyzed samples from the summit and the western flank of southern Hydrate Ridge show a mean grain size coarser than the average mean grain size of the hemipelagic samples from the same area. The depositional features of the sediments are not recognised due to disturbance. However, their granulometric statistical parameters and distribution curves, and magnetic susceptibility logs indicate that they correspond to a turbidite facies. These results suggest that gas hydrates in the southern Hydrate Ridge could form preferentially in coarser grain-size layers that could act as conduits feeding gas from below the BSR. Two samples from the uppermost metres near the seafloor at the summit of the southern Hydrate Ridge show a finer mean grain-size value than the average of hemipelagic samples. They were located where the highest amount of gas hydrates was detected, suggesting that in this area the availability of methane gas was high enough to generate gas hydrates, even within low-permeability layers. The mineralogical composition of the soupy and mousse-like sediments does not show any specific characteristic with respect to the other samples from the southern Hydrate Ridge. {\textcopyright} Springer-Verlag 2007.},
	issn = {0276-0460},
	doi = {10.1007/s00367-007-0077-z},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34250188050\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Pi{\~n}ero, Elena and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Mart{\'\i}nez-Ruiz, Francisca and Larrasoa{\~n}a, Juan Cruz and Vizcaino, Alexis and Ercilla, Gemma}
}
