@booklet {Dagnino,
	title = {{Comparison of Objective Functionals in Seismic Full Waveform Inversion}},
	year = {Submitted},
	publisher = {European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers},
	abstract = {The FWI method is a powerful tool that allows one to obtain high-resolution information from the subsurface. However, the method is highly non-linear as in the convergence to the solution it might get trapped in local-minima. Among other techniques, it becomes crucial a suitable choice of the objective function. We have selected five objective functions to perform a comparative study under a common 2D-acoustic FWI scheme: the L2-nom, cross-correlation travel time (CCTT), non-integration-method (NIM), envelope and phase objective functions. We test with a 2D-canonical model the susceptibility of the functions to the initial model perturbations. To complete de study with a more realistic synthetic example we test the functions with the Marmousi model. The L2-norm and phase objective functions give the highest resolution images and the CCTT, NIM and envelope objective functions lead to smooth models. However in realistic initial conditions, L2 and phase misfits fail in recovering the velocity model in contrast to the CCTT, NIM and envelope functions that maintain a more consistent behavior},
	author = {Dagnino, D and Jiminez-Tejero, C E and Ranero, C{\'e}sar R and Sallares, Valenti}
}
@article {Biescas2016,
	title = {{Synthetic Modeling for an Acoustic Exploration System for Physical Oceanography}},
	journal = {Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {191{\textendash}200},
	publisher = {American Meteorological Society},
	abstract = {AbstractMarine multichannel seismic (MCS) data, used to obtain structural reflection images of the earth?s subsurface, can also be used in physical oceanography exploration. This method provides vertical and lateral resolutions of O(10?100) m, covering the existing observational gap in oceanic exploration. All MCS data used so far in physical oceanography studies have been acquired using conventional seismic instrumentation originally designed for geological exploration. This work presents the proof of concept of an alternative MCS system that is better adapted to physical oceanography and has two goals: 1) to have an environmentally low-impact acoustic source to minimize any potential disturbance to marine life and 2) to be light and portable, thus being installed on midsize oceanographic vessels. The synthetic experiments simulate the main variables of the source, shooting, and streamer involved in the MCS technique. The proposed system utilizes a 5-s-long exponential chirp source of 208 dB relative to 1 ?Pa at 1 m with a frequency content of 20?100 Hz and a relatively short 500-m-long streamer with 100 channels. This study exemplifies through numerical simulations that the 5-s-long chirp source can reduce the peak of the pressure signal by 26 dB with respect to equivalent air gun?based sources by spreading the energy in time, greatly reducing the impact to marine life. Additionally, the proposed system could be transported and installed in midsize oceanographic vessels, opening new horizons in acoustic oceanography research.},
	issn = {0739-0572},
	doi = {10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0137.1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0137.1},
	author = {Biescas, Berta and Ruddick, Barry and Kormann, Jean and Sallares, Valenti and Nedimovi{\'c}, Mladen R and Carniel, Sandro}
}
@article {Jim{\'e}nezTejero2015632,
	title = {{Comparative study of objective functions to overcome noise and bandwidth limitations in full waveform inversion}},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {203},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {632{\textendash}645},
	abstract = {Ongoing works on full waveform inversion (FWI) are yielding an increasing number of objective functions as alternative to the traditional L2-waveform. These studies aim at designing more robust functions and inversion strategies to reduce the intrinsic dependence of the FWI results on (1) the initial model and (2) the lowest frequency present in field data. In this work, we perform a comparative study of five objective functions in time domain under a common 2-D-acoustic FWI scheme using the Marmousi model as benchmark. In particular, we compare results obtained with L2-based functions that consider the minimization of different wave attributes; the waveform-based, non-integration-method; instantaneous envelope; a modified version of the wrapped instantaneous phase and an improved version of the cross-correlation travel time (CCTT) method; and hybrid strategies combining some of them. We evaluate the robustness of these functionals as a function of their performance with and without low frequencies in the data and the presence of random white Gaussian noise. Our results reveal promising strategies to invert noisy data with limited low-frequency content (>=4 Hz), which is the single strategy using the instantaneous phase objective function followed by the hybrid strategies using the instantaneous phase or CCTT as initial models, in particular the combinations [I. Phase + Waveform], [CCTT + Waveform] and [CCTT + I. Phase]. {\textcopyright} The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggv288},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84942124341\&partnerID=40\&md5=a3d1892b9dda25cdcea5fea23bef2d14},
	author = {Jim{\'e}nez Tejero, C.E.a and Dagnino, D.a and Sallar{\`e}s, V.a and Ranero, C.R.b}
}
@article {Prada201563,
	title = {{The complex 3-D transition from continental crust to backarc magmatism and exhumed mantle in the Central Tyrrhenian basin}},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {203},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {63{\textendash}78},
	abstract = {Geophysical data from the MEDOC experiment across the Northern Tyrrhenian backarc basin has mapped a failed rift during backarc extension of cratonic Variscan lithosphere. In contrast, data across the Central Tyrrhenian have revealed the presence of magmatic accretion followed by mantle exhumation after continental breakup. Here we analyse the MEDOC transect E-F, which extends from Sardinia to the Campania margin at 40.5{\textdegree}N, to define the distribution of geological domains in the transition from the complex Central Tyrrhenian to the extended continental crust of the Northern Tyrrhenian. The crust and uppermost mantle structure along this \~{}400-km-long transect have been investigated based on wide-angle seismic data, gravity modelling and multichannel seismic reflection imaging. The P-wave tomographic model together with a P-wave-velocity-derived density model and the multichannel seismic images reveal seven different domains along this transect, in contrast to the simpler structure to the south and north. The stretched continental crust under Sardinia margin abuts the magmatic crust of Cornaglia Terrace, where accretion likely occurred during backarc extension. Eastwards, around Secchi seamount, a second segment of thinned continental crust (7-8 km) is observed. Two short segments of magmatically modified continental crust are separated by the \~{}5-km-wide segment of the Vavilov basin possibly made of exhumed mantle rocks. The eastern segment of the 40.5{\textdegree}N transect E-F is characterized by continental crust extending from mainland Italy towards the Campania margin. Ground truthing and prior geophysical information obtained north and south of transect E-F was integrated in this study to map the spatial distribution of basement domains in the Central Tyrrhenian basin. The northward transition of crustal domains depicts a complex 3-D structure represented by abrupt spatial changes of magmatic and non-magmatic crustal domains. These observations imply rapid variations of magmatic activity difficult to reconcile with current models of extension of continental lithosphere essentially 2-D over long distances. {\textcopyright} The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggv271},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84942122080\&partnerID=40\&md5=02bdb76af30a3b605991623f90757147},
	author = {Prada, M.a and Sallar{\`e}s, V.a and Ranero, C.R.b and Vendrell, M.G.a and Grevemeyer, I.c and Zitellini, N.d and de Franco, R.e}
}
@article {Bangs201567,
	title = {{Fluid accumulation along the Costa Rica subduction thrust and development of the seismogenic zone}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth},
	volume = {120},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {67{\textendash}86},
	abstract = {In 2011 we acquired an 11 {\texttimes} 55 km, 3-D seismic reflection volume across the Costa Rica margin, NW of the Osa Peninsula, to accurately image the subduction thrust in 3-D, to examine fault zone properties, and to infer the hydrogeology that controls fluid accumulation along the thrust. Following processing to remove water column multiples, noise, and acquisition artifacts, we constructed a 3-D seismic velocity model for Kirchhoff prestack depth migration imaging. Images of the plate boundary thrust show high-reflection amplitudes underneath the middle to lower slope that we attribute to fluid-rich, poorly drained portions of the subduction thrust. At \~{} 5 km subseafloor, beneath the upper slope, the plate interface abruptly becomes weakly reflective, which we interpret as a transition to a well-drained subduction thrust. Mineral dehydration during diagenesis may also diminish at 5 km subseafloor to reduce fluid production and contribute to the downdip change from high to low amplitude. There is also a layered fabric and systems of both thrust and normal faults within the overriding plate that form a "plumbing system." Faults commonly have fault plane reflections and are presumably fluid charged. The faults and layered fabric form three compartmentalized hydrogeologic zones: (1) a shallow NE dipping zone beneath the slope, (2) a steeply SW dipping zone beneath the shelf slope break, and (3) a NE dipping zone beneath the shelf. The more direct pathway in the middle zone drains the subduction thrust more efficiently and contributes to reduced fluid pressure, elevates effective stress, and creates greater potential for unstable coseismic slip. {\textcopyright}2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JB011265},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84924020398\&partnerID=40\&md5=d49719196f3f40ccbd90cc13a525e689},
	author = {Bangs, N.L.a and McIntosh, K.D.a and Silver, E.A.b and Kluesner, J.W.b and Ranero, C.R.c}
}
@article {Hensen01042015,
	title = {{Strike-slip faults mediate the rise of crustal-derived fluids and mud volcanism in the deep sea}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {43},
	number = {4},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {339{\textendash}342},
	abstract = {We report on newly discovered mud volcanoes located at \~{}4500 m water depth \~{}90 km west of the deformation front of the accretionary wedge of the Gulf of Cadiz, and thus outside of their typical geotectonic environment. Seismic data suggest that fluid flow is mediated by a >400-km-long strike-slip fault marking the transcurrent plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia. Geochemical data (Cl, B, Sr, 87Sr/86Sr, $δ$18O, $δ$D) reveal that fluids originate in oceanic crust older than 140 Ma. On their rise to the surface, these fluids receive strong geochemical signals from recrystallization of Upper Jurassic carbonates and clay-mineral dehydration in younger terrigeneous units. At present, reports of mud volcanoes in similar deep-sea settings are rare, but given that the large area of transform-type plate boundaries has been barely investigated, such pathways of fluid discharge may provide an important, yet unappreciated link between the deeply buried oceanic crust and the deep ocean.},
	doi = {10.1130/G36359.1},
	url = {http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/43/4/339.abstract},
	author = {Hensen, Christian and Scholz, Florian and Nuzzo, Marianne and Valadares, Vasco and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Terrinha, Pedro and Liebetrau, Volker and Kaul, Norbert and Silva, Sonia and Mart{\'\i}nez-Loriente, Sara and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Pi{\~n}ero, Elena and Magalh{\~a}es, Vitor H and Schmidt, Mark and Weise, Stephan M and Cunha, Marina and Hilario, Ana and Perea, Hector and Rovelli, Lorenzo and Lackschewitz, Klas}
}
@article {Garcia20154261,
	title = {{Structure of the mantle beneath the Alboran Basin from magnetotelluric soundings}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {16},
	number = {12},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {4261{\textendash}4274},
	abstract = {We present results of marine MT acquisition in the Alboran sea that also incorporates previously acquired land MT from southern Spain into our analysis. The marine data show complex MT response functions with strong distortion due to seafloor topography and the coastline, but inclusion of high resolution topography and bathymetry and a seismically defined sediment unit into a 3-D inversion model has allowed us to image the structure in the underlying mantle. The resulting resistivity model is broadly consistent with a geodynamic scenario that includes subduction of an eastward trending plate beneath Gibraltar, which plunges nearly vertically beneath the Alboran. Our model contains three primary features of interest: a resistive body beneath the central Alboran, which extends to a depth of \~{}150 km. At this depth, the mantle resistivity decreases to values of \~{}100 Ohm-m, slightly higher than those seen in typical asthenosphere at the same depth. This transition suggests a change in slab properties with depth, perhaps reflecting a change in the nature of the seafloor subducted in the past. Two conductive features in our model suggest the presence of fluids released by the subducting slab or a small amount of partial melt in the upper mantle (or both). Of these, the one in the center of the Alboran basin, in the uppermost-mantle (20-30 km depth) beneath Neogene volcanics and west of the termination of the Nekkor Fault, is consistent with geochemical models, which infer highly thinned lithosphere and shallow melting in order to explain the petrology of seafloor volcanics. {\textcopyright} 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	doi = {10.1002/2015GC006100},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84955347580\&partnerID=40\&md5=9ce7a52b6fe74ed86c20613d5230a4db},
	author = {Garcia, X.a and Seill{\'e}, H.b and Elsenbeck, J.c and Evans, R.L.c and Jegen, M.d and H{\"o}lz, S.d and Ledo, J.e and Lovatini, A.f and Marti, A.e and Marcuello, A.e and Queralt, P.e and Ungarelli, C.f and Ranero, C.R.g}
}
@article {Mel{\'e}ndez2015158,
	title = {{TOMO3D: 3-D joint refraction and reflection traveltime tomography parallel code for active-source seismic data-synthetic test}},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {203},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {158{\textendash}174},
	abstract = {We present a new 3-D traveltime tomography code (TOMO3D) for the modelling of active-source seismic data that uses the arrival times of both refracted and reflected seismic phases to derive the velocity distribution and the geometry of reflecting boundaries in the subsurface. This code is based on its popular 2-D version TOMO2D from which it inherited the methods to solve the forward and inverse problems. The traveltime calculations are done using a hybrid ray-tracing technique combining the graph and bending methods. The LSQR algorithm is used to perform the iterative regularized inversion to improve the initial velocity and depth models. In order to cope with an increased computational demand due to the incorporation of the third dimension, the forward problem solver, which takes most of the run time (\~{}90 per cent in the test presented here), has been parallelized with a combination of multi-processing and message passing interface standards. This parallelization distributes the ray-tracing and traveltime calculations among available computational resources. The code{\textquoteright}s performance is illustrated with a realistic synthetic example, including a checkerboard anomaly and two reflectors, which simulates the geometry of a subduction zone. The code is designed to invert for a single reflector at a time. A data-driven layer-stripping strategy is proposed for cases involving multiple reflectors, and it is tested for the successive inversion of the two reflectors. Layers are bound by consecutive reflectors, and an initial velocity model for each inversion step incorporates the results from previous steps. This strategy poses simpler inversion problems at each step, allowing the recovery of strong velocity discontinuities that would otherwise be smoothened. {\textcopyright} The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggv292},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84942105766\&partnerID=40\&md5=95ac8480fd67102b8f5322381f9ff8ef},
	author = {Mel{\'e}ndez, A.a and Korenaga, J.b and Sallar{\`e}s, V.a and Miniussi, A.c and Ranero, C.R.d}
}
@inbook {Martinez-LorienteS.GraciaE;BartolomeR;SallaresV;Perea2014,
	title = {{Active faulting in the Mesozoic oceanic lithosphere offshore the SW Iberian margin. Significance for earthquake and tsunami hazard}},
	booktitle = {Una aproximaci{\'o}n multidisciplinar al estudio de fallas activas, los terremotos y el riesgo s{\'\i}smico},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {81{\textendash}84},
	isbn = {978-84-617-2049-1},
	url = {http://www.researchgate.net/publication/267574309\_Una\_aproximacin\_multidisciplinar\_al\_estudio\_de\_las\_fallas\_activas\_los\_terremotos\_y\_el\_riesgo\_ssmico},
	author = {Martinez-Loriente, S. and Gr{\`a}cia, E and Bartolom{\'e}, R and SALLARES, V and Perea, H}
}
@conference {Tejero2014,
	title = {{Comparison of objective functionals in seismic full waveform inversion}},
	booktitle = {76th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2014: Experience the Energy - Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2014},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {2819{\textendash}2823},
	publisher = {EAGE Publishing BV},
	organization = {EAGE Publishing BV},
	abstract = {The FWI method is a powerful tool that allows one to obtain high-resolution information from the subsurface. However, the method is highly non-linear as in the convergence to the solution it might get trapped in local-minima. Among other techniques, it becomes crucial a suitable choice of the objective function. We have selected five objective functions to perform a comparative study under a common 2Dacoustic FWI scheme: the L2-nom, cross-correlation travel time (CCTT), non-integration-method (NIM), envelope and phase objective functions. We test with a 2D-canonical model the susceptibility of the functions to the initial model perturbations. To complete de study with a more realistic synthetic example we test the functions with the Marmousi model. The L2-norm and phase objective functions give the highest resolution images and the CCTT, NIM and envelope objective functions lead to smooth models. However in realistic initial conditions, L2 and phase misfits fail in recovering the velocity model in contrast to the CCTT, NIM and envelope functions that maintain a more consistent behavior.},
	isbn = {9781632666949},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907396478\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Tejero, C. E Jimenez and Dagnino, D. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Ranero, C.}
}
@article {Garcia2014a,
	title = {{Constraints on a shallow offshore gas environment determined by a multidisciplinary geophysical approach: The Malin Sea, NW Ireland}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {867{\textendash}885},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1002/2013GC005108},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013GC005108},
	author = {Garcia, Xavier and Monteys, Xavier and Evans, Rob L. and Szpak, Michal}
}
@article {Papadopoulos2014,
	title = {{Historical and pre-historical tsunamis in the Mediterranean and its connected seas: Geological signatures, generation mechanisms and coastal impacts}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {354},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {81{\textendash}109},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {The origin of tsunamis in the Mediterranean region and its connected seas, including the Marmara Sea, the Black Sea and the SW Iberian Margin in the NE Atlantic Ocean, is reviewed within the geological and seismotectonic settings of the region. A variety of historical documentary sources combined with evidence from onshore and offshore geological signatures, geomorphological imprints, observations from selected coastal archeological sites, as well as instrumental records, eyewitnesses accounts and pictorial material, clearly indicate that tsunami sources both seismic and non-seismic (e.g. volcanism, landslides) can be found in all the seas of the region with a variable tsunamigenic potential. Local, regional and basin-wide tsunamis have been documented. An improved map of 22 main tsunamigenic zones and their relative potential for tsunami generation is presented. From west to east, the most important tsunamigenic zones are situated offshore SW Iberia, in the North Algerian margin, in the Tyrrhenian Calabria and Messina Straits, in the western and eastern segments of the Hellenic Arc, in the Corinth Gulf of Central Greece, in the Levantine Sea offshore the Dead Sea Transform Fault and in the eastern side of the Marmara Sea. Important historical examples, including destructive tsunamis associated with large earthquakes, are presented. The mean recurrence of strong tsunamis in the several basins varies greatly but the highest event frequency (1/96. years) is observed in the east Mediterranean basin. For most of the historical events it is still unclear which was the causative seismic source and if the tsunami was caused by co-seismic slip, by earthquake-triggered submarine landslides or by a combination of both mechanisms. In pre-historical times, submarine volcanic eruptions (i.e. caldera collapse, massive pyroclastic flows, volcanogenic landslides) and large submarine landslides caused important tsunamis although little is known about their source mechanisms. We conclude that further investigation of the tsunami generation mechanisms is of primary importance in the Mediterranean region. Inputs from tsunami numerical modeling as well as from empirical discrimination criteria for characterizing tsunami sources have been proved particularly effective for recent, well-documented, aseismic landslide tsunamis (e.g., 1963 Corinth Gulf, 1979 C{\^O}te d{\textquoteright}Azur, 1999 Izmit Bay, 2002 Stromboli volcano). Since the tsunami generation mechanisms are controlled by a variety of factors, and given that the knowledge of past tsunami activity is the cornerstone for undertaking tsunami risk mitigation action, future interdisciplinary research efforts on past tsunamis are needed. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Geological signatures, Historical tsunamis, Mediterranean region, Tsunami impact, Tsunami mechanisms},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.04.014},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901663041\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Papadopoulos, Gerassimos A. and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Urgeles, Roger and Sallares, Valenti and De Martini, Paolo Marco and Pantosti, Daniela and Gonz{\'a}lez, Mauricio and Yalciner, Ahmet C. and Mascle, Jean and Sakellariou, Dimitris and Salamon, Amos and Tinti, Stefano and Karastathis, Vassilis and Fokaefs, Anna and Camerlenghi, Angelo and Novikova, Tatyana and Papageorgiou, Antonia}
}
@book {Sassa2014,
	title = {{Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment}},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {483{\textendash}489},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	keywords = {ardizzone, cardinali f, f, fiorucci f, geological layers slip ellipsoid, GIS, guzzetti, i, marchesini m, santangelo m, slope stability open source},
	isbn = {978-3-319-05049-2},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8},
	author = {Marchesini, Ivan and Mergili, Martin and Rossi, Mauro and Santangelo, Michele and Cardinali, Mauro and Ardizzone, Francesca and Fiorucci, Federica and Schneider-muntau, Barbara and Fellin, Wolfgang and Guzzetti, Fausto},
	editor = {Sassa, Kyoji and Canuti, Paolo and Yin, Yueping}
}
@booklet {GarciaX.MonteysX.EvansR.LandSzpak2014,
	title = {{Near seabed geology using a multidisciplinary geophysical approach in a shallow gas environment in the Malin Sea (NW Ireland)}},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {accepted, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	author = {Garcia, X. and Monteys, X. and Evans, R.L and Szpak, M.T.}
}
@article {Biescas2014,
	title = {{Recovery of temperature, salinity, and potential density from ocean reflectivity}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {119},
	number = {5},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {3171{\textendash}3184},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {This work explores a method to recover temperature, salinity, and potential density of the ocean using acoustic reflectivity data and time and space coincident expendable bathythermographs (XBT). The acoustically derived (vertical frequency >10 Hz) and the XBT-derived (vertical frequency <10 Hz) impedances are summed in the time domain to form impedance profiles. Temperature (T) and salinity (S) are then calculated from impedance using the international thermodynamics equations of seawater (GSW TEOS-10) and an empirical T-S relation derived with neural networks; and finally potential density ($\rho$) is calculated from T and S. The main difference between this method and previous inversion works done from real multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) data recorded in the ocean, is that it inverts density and it does not consider this magnitude constant along the profile, either in vertical or lateral dimension. We successfully test this method on MCS data collected in the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic Ocean). T, S, and $\rho$ are inverted with accuracies of $δ$Tsd=0.1C, $δ$Ssd=0.09, and $δ$$\rho$sd=0.02kg/m 3. Inverted temperature anomalies reveal baroclinic thermohaline fronts with intrusions. The observations support a mix of thermohaline features created by both double-diffusive and isopycnal stirring mechanisms. Our results show that reflectivity is primarily caused by thermal gradients but acoustic reflectors are not isopycnal in all domains. Key Points Recovery of oceanic T, S, and potential density from acoustic reflectivity data Thermal anomalies observations at the Mediterranean tongue level Comparison between acoustic reflectors in the ocean and isopycnals {\textcopyright} 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {low-frequency acoustic oceanography, ocean reflectivity, Seismic oceanography, thermohaline fronts, thermohaline intrusions},
	issn = {21699275},
	doi = {10.1002/2013JC009662},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84902770570\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Biescas, Berta and Ruddick, Barry R. and Nedimovic, Mladen R. and Sallares, Valenti and Bornstein, Guillermo and Mojica, Jhon F.}
}
@article {Dagnino2014,
	title = {{Scale- and parameter-adaptive model-based gradient pre-conditioner for elastic full-waveform inversion}},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {198},
	number = {2},
	year = {2014},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {1130{\textendash}1142},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	abstract = {We present a scale- and parameter-adaptive method to pre-condition the gradient of the parameters to be inverted in time-domain 2-D elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI). The proposed technique, which relies on a change of variables of the model parameters, allows to balance the value of the gradient of the Lam{\'e} parameters and density throughout the model in each step of the multiscale inversion. The main difference compared to existing gradient pre-conditioners is that the variables are automatically selected based on a least squares minimization criteria of the gradient weight, which corresponds to the product of the gradient by a power of the parameter to be inverted. Based on numerical tests made with (1) a modified version of the Marmousi-2 model, and (2) a high-velocity and density local anomaly model, we illustrate that the value of the power helps to balance the gradient throughout the model. In addition, we show that a particular value exists for each parameter that optimizes the inversion results in terms of accuracy and efficiency. For the two models, the optimal power is \~{}2.0-2.5 and and \~{}1.5 for the first and second Lam{\'e} parameters, respectively; and between 3 and 6, depending on the inverted frequency, for density. These power values provide the fastest and most accurate inversion results for the three parameters in the framework of multiscale and multishooting FWI using three different optimization schemes. {\textcopyright} The Authors 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.},
	keywords = {Computational seismology, Inverse theory, Numerical approximations and analysis, Seismic tomography},
	issn = {0956-540X},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggu175},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84903949166\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Dagnino, D. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Ranero, C. R.}
}
@article {Martinez-Loriente2014,
	title = {{Seismic and gravity constraints on the nature of the basement in the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary: New insights for the geodynamic evolution of the SW Iberian margin}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {119},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {127{\textendash}149},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {We present a new classification of geological domains at the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary off SW Iberia, together with a regional geodynamic reconstruction spanning from the Mesozoic extension to the Neogene-to-present- day convergence. It is based on seismic velocity and density models along a new transect running from the Horseshoe to the Seine abyssal plains, which is combined with previously available geophysical models from the region. The basement velocity structure at the Seine Abyssal Plain indicates the presence of a highly heterogeneous, thin oceanic crust with local high-velocity anomalies possibly representing zones related to the presence of ultramafic rocks. The integration of this model with previous ones reveals the presence of three oceanic domains offshore SW Iberia: (1) the Seine Abyssal Plain domain, generated during the first stages of slow seafloor spreading in the NE Central Atlantic (Early Jurassic); (2) the Gulf of Cadiz domain, made of oceanic crust generated in the Alpine-Tethys spreading system between Iberia and Africa, which was coeval with the formation of the Seine Abyssal Plain domain and lasted up to the North Atlantic continental breakup (Late Jurassic); and (3) the Gorringe Bank domain, made of exhumed mantle rocks, which formed during the first stages of North Atlantic opening. Our models suggest that the Seine Abyssal Plain and Gulf of Cadiz domains are separated by the Lineament South strike-slip fault, whereas the Gulf of Cadiz and Gorringe Bank domains appear to be limited by a deep thrust fault located at the center of the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain. {\textcopyright}2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {Central and North Atlantic kinematics, crustal nature, geological domains, gravity modeling, refraction and reflection traveltime tomography, wide-angle seismics},
	issn = {21699313},
	doi = {10.1002/2013JB010476},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896782219\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Mart{\'\i}nez-Loriente, Sara and Sallares, Valenti and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Da{\~n}obeitia, Juan Jos{\'e} and Zitellini, Nevio}
}
@article {Prada2014,
	title = {{Seismic structure of the Central Tyrrhenian basin: Geophysical constraints on the nature of the main crustal domains}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {119},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {52{\textendash}70},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {In this work we investigate the crustal and tectonic structures of the Central Tyrrhenian back-arc basin combining refraction and wide-angle reflection seismic (WAS), gravity, and multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data, acquired during the MEDOC (MEDiterr{\'a}neo OCcidental)-2010 survey along a transect crossing the entire basin from Sardinia to Campania at 40{\textdegree}N. The results presented include a \~{}450 km long 2-D P wave velocity model, obtained by the traveltime inversion of the WAS data, a coincident density model, and a MCS poststack time-migrated profile. We interpret three basement domains with different petrological affinity along the transect based on the comparison of velocity and velocity-derived density models with existing compilations for continental crust, oceanic crust, and exhumed mantle. The first domain includes the continental crust of Sardinia and the conjugate Campania margin. In the Sardinia margin, extension has thinned the crust from \~{}20 km under the coastline to \~{}13 km \~{}60 km seaward. Similarly, the Campania margin is also affected by strong extensional deformation. The second domain, under the Cornaglia Terrace and its conjugate Campania Terrace, appears to be oceanic in nature. However, it shows differences with respect to the reference Atlantic oceanic crust and agrees with that generated in back-arc oceanic settings. The velocities-depth relationships and lack of Moho reflections in seismic records of the third domain (i.e., the Magnaghi and Vavilov basins) support a basement fundamentally made of mantle rocks. The large seamounts of the third domain (e.g., Vavilov) are underlain by 10-20 km wide, relatively low-velocity anomalies interpreted as magmatic bodies locally intruding the mantle. {\textcopyright}2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {back-arc crust, exhumed mantle, Rifting, traveltime tomography, Tyrrhenian basin, wide-angle seismics},
	issn = {21699313},
	doi = {10.1002/2013JB010527},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896740908\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Prada, M. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Ranero, C. R. and Vendrell, M. G. and Grevemeyer, I. and Zitellini, N. and de Franco, R.}
}
@booklet {HensenC.ScholzF.MarianneN.ValadaresV.GraciaE.TerrinhaP.LiebetrauV.KaulN.SilvaS.Martinez-lorienteS.BartolomeR.PineroE.MagalhaesV.H.SchmidtM.WeiseS.M.CunhaM.HilarioA.Pereah.RovelliL.2014,
	title = {{Strike-slip Faults Mediate the Rise of Basement-Derived Fluids and Mud Volcanism in the Deep Sea}},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Geology},
	author = {Hensen, C. and Scholz, F. and Marianne, N. and Valadares, V. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Terrinha, P. and Liebetrau, V. and Kaul, N. and Silva, S. and Martinez-Loriente, S. and Bartolome, R. and Pi{\~n}ero, E. and Mag{\~a}lhaes, V.H. and Schmidt, M. and S.M., Weise and Cunha, M. and Hilario, A. and Perea, H. and Rovelli, L. K.}
}
@article {LoIacono2014a,
	title = {{Submarine canyons of north-western Sicily (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea): Variability in morphology, sedimentary processes and evolution on a tectonically active margin}},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2014},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {93{\textendash}105},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {Swath-bathymetry, mono-channel and multi-channel seismic reflection records acquired during the last two decades on the northern Sicilian margin have unveiled a dense network of submarine canyons within the depth range of 80-2100. m. The canyons display a relevant variability in their geometry, morphology and sedimentary processes. The margin shows a young, tectonically active shelf to slope setting, linking the Sicilian-Maghrebian Thrust Belt to the Tyrrhenian oceanic realm, developed during the Neogene-Quaternary time span. The aim of this study is to highlight the main governing factors that contributed to the evolution and differentiation of the northern Sicilian canyons, mainly focusing on the Gulf of Palermo and on the Gulf of Castellammare. Tectonic control is more evident in the canyons of the Gulf of Palermo, with submarine landslides retrograding on a steep slope and mainly controlling their evolution. Otherwise, canyons, tributaries and gullies mapped in the Gulf of Castellammare developed on a less steep substrate and display sinuous to meandering paths, with a relevant role of coastal/shelf sedimentary inputs and downslope turbidity processes in their formation. Results suggest that, despite the geographically close proximity of the two study areas, the different structural settings of the Castellammare and Palermo Basins are mainly responsible for canyon variability. Data indicate likely on-going uplift and tilting movements along the Sicilian margin, influencing the development of the studied canyons, which have probably been more active during the Quaternary glacial maxima than they are in the present day. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {landslides, Seismic data, Sicily, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Submarine canyons, swath-bathymetry, tectonics},
	issn = {09670645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.018},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901673777\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Lo Iacono, Claudio and Sulli, Attilio and Agate, Mauro}
}
@inbook {Torbahn2014a,
	title = {{Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences}},
	booktitle = {Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences},
	series = {Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2014},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {85{\textendash}94},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {6th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences (ISSMMTC), 23-25 September 2013, Kiel, Germany.{\textendash} 9 pages},
	keywords = {Discrete element method, failure, mechanism, pore volume change, sediment fabric, sediment strength},
	isbn = {978-3-319-00971-1},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8},
	author = {Torbahn, Lutz and Huhn, Katrin},
	editor = {Krastel, Sebastian and Behrmann, Jan-Hinrich and V{\"o}lker, David and Stipp, Michael and Berndt, Christian and Urgeles, Roger and Chaytor, Jason and Huhn, Katrin and Strasser, Michael and Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie}
}
@booklet {Ranero2014,
	title = {{The Western Mediterranean Pairs of Basin and Arc Systems}},
	year = {2014},
	month = {feb},
	publisher = {Sociedad Geol{\'o}gica de Espa{\~n}a},
	abstract = {Ranero, C{\'e}sar R. ... et. al.{\textendash} VIII Congreso Geol{\'o}gico de Espa{\~n}a, 2012, Oviedo},
	isbn = {http://hdl.handle.net/10261/92021},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/92021},
	author = {Ranero, Cesar R. and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Sallares, Valenti and Garcia, Xavier and Gallart Muset, Josep and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Lo Iacono, Claudio and Martinez-Loriente, S. and Moreno, Ximena and Prada, Manel and Perea, Hector and Zitellini, N.}
}
@article {Alcalde2013481,
	title = {{3-D reflection seismic imaging of the hontom{\'\i}n structure in the basque-cantabrian Basin (Spain)}},
	journal = {Solid Earth},
	volume = {4},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {481{\textendash}496},
	abstract = {The Basque-Cantabrian Basin of the northern Iberia Peninsula constitutes a unique example of a major deformation system, featuring a dome structure developed by extensional tectonics followed by compressional reactivation. The occurrence of natural resources in the area and the possibility of establishing a geological storage site for carbon dioxide motivated the acquisition of a 3-D seismic reflection survey in 2010, centered on the Jurassic Hontom{\'\i}n dome. The objectives of this survey were to obtain a geological model of the overall structure and to establish a baseline model for a possible geological CO2 storage site. The 36 km2 survey included approximately 5000 mixed (Vibroseis and explosives) source points recorded with a 25 m inline source and receiver spacing. The target reservoir is a saline aquifer, at approximately 1450 m depth, encased and sealed by carbonate formations. Acquisition and processing parameters were influenced by the rough topography and relatively complex geology. A strong near-surface velocity inversion is evident in the data, affecting the quality of the data. The resulting 3-D image provides constraints on the key features of the geologic model. The Hontom{\'\i}n structure is interpreted to consist of an approximately 10 7 m2 large elongated dome with two major (W-E and NW-SE) striking faults bounding it. Preliminary capacity estimates indicate that about 1.2 Gt of CO2 can be stored in the target reservoir. {\textcopyright} 2013 Author(s).},
	doi = {10.5194/se-4-481-2013},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84893313475\&partnerID=40\&md5=9d3f67fb71a49a58d6a7a48c1da54f43},
	author = {Alcalde, J.a b and Mart{\'\i}, D.a and Juhlin, C.c and Malehmir, A.c and Sopher, D.c and Saura, E.a and Marz{\'a}n, I.a and Ayarza, P.d and Calahorrano, A.e and P{\'e}rez-Esta{\'u}n, A.a b and Carbonell, R.a}
}
@article {Martinez-Loriente2013,
	title = {{Active deformation in old oceanic lithosphere and significance for earthquake hazard: Seismic imaging of the Coral Patch Ridge area and neighboring abyssal plains (SW Iberian Margin)}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {7},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {2206{\textendash}2231},
	abstract = {Recently acquired high-resolution multichannel seismic profiles together with bathymetric and sub-bottom profiler data from the external part of the Gulf of Cadiz (Iberia-Africa plate boundary) reveal active deformation involving old (Mesozoic) oceanic lithosphere. This area is located 180 km offshore the SW Iberian Peninsula and embraces the prominent NE-SW trending Coral Patch Ridge, and part of the surrounding deep Horseshoe and Seine abyssal plains. E-W trending dextral strike-slip faults showing surface deformation of flower-like structures predominate in the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain, whereas NE-SW trending compressive structures prevail in the Coral Patch Ridge and Seine Hills. Although the Coral Patch Ridge region is characterized by subdued seismic activity, the area is not free from seismic hazard. Most of the newly mapped faults correspond to active blind thrusts and strike-slip faults that are able to generate large magnitude earthquakes (Mw 7.2-8.4). This may represent a significant earthquake and tsunami hazard that has been overlooked so far. Key Points New active structures have been mapped in the Coral Patch Ridge area The newly mapped faults are able to generate large magnitude earthquakes (Mw>7) These new structures may represent a significant earthquake and tsunami hazard {\textcopyright}2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {blind thrusts, fault-bend folds, Iberia-Africa boundary, multichannel seismics, seismic hazard assessment, strike-slip faults},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20173},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84883575301\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Mart{\'\i}nez-Loriente, Sara and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Sallares, Valenti and Connors, Christopher and Perea, Hector and Lo Iacono, Claudio and Klaeschen, Dirk and Terrinha, Pedro and Da{\~n}obeitia, Juan Jos{\'e} and Zitellini, Nevio}
}
@conference {Buffett2013,
	title = {{Characterization of thermohaline staircases in the Tyrrhenian Sea using stochastic heterogeneity mapping}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {005013{\textendash}005013},
	abstract = {Processed multi-channel seismic (MCS) data acquired in the Tyrrhenian Sea in April-May 2010 provide images of oceanic thermohaline staircases. Using Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping we characterize spatial reflector variations. This method is based on the band-limited von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n function. For scale sizes smaller than the correlation length, the von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n model describes a power law (fractal) process. We are most interested in the extraction of the exponent in the power law (The Hurst exponent) because it allows us to characterize the richness of scales present in the data set. Lower Hurst exponents represent a richer range of wavenumbers and therefore correspond to a broader range of heterogeneity in the observed seismic reflection events. The Hurst exponent is related to the fractal dimension and to the slope in the Garrett-Munk wavenumber spectrum. We interpret a richer range of heterogeneity as indicative of a greater degree of turbulent mixing. Data are presented alongside benchmark calibrations of synthetic seismic data generated from random fractal surfaces. We observe an oscillation in the Hurst exponent spectra as a function of frequency that is interpreted to represent a preferential coupling of energy across different spatial scales. {\textcopyright} 2013 Acoustical Society of America.},
	issn = {1939800X},
	doi = {10.1121/1.4799057},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84878961126\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Buffett, Grant G. and Hobbs, Richard W. and Vsemirnova, Ekaterina A. and Klaeschen, Dirk and Hurich, Charles A. and Ranero, César and Sallarès, Valentí}
}
@article {Nagel2013,
	title = {{Coupled Numerical Evaluations of the Geomechanical Interactions Between a Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation and a Natural Fracture System in Shale Formations}},
	journal = {Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering},
	volume = {46},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {581{\textendash}609},
	abstract = {Due to the low permeability of many shale reservoirs, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells is used to increase the productive, stimulated reservoir volume. However, each created hydraulic fracture alters the stress field around it, and subsequent fractures are affected by the stress field from previous fractures. The results of a numerical evaluation of the effect of stress field changes (stress shadowing), as a function of natural fracture and geomechanical properties, are presented, including a detailed evaluation of natural fracture shear failure (and, by analogy, the generated microseismicity) due to a created hydraulic fracture. The numerical simulations were performed using continuum and discrete element modeling approaches in both mechanical-only and fully coupled, hydro-mechanical modes. The results show the critical impacts that the stress field changes from a created hydraulic fracture have on the shear of the natural fracture system, which in-turn, significantly affects the success of the hydraulic fracture stimulation. Furthermore, the results provide important insight into: the role of completion design (stage spacing) and operational parameters (rate, viscosity, etc.) on the possibility of enhancing the stimulation of the natural fracture network ({\textquoteright}complexity{\textquoteright}); the mechanisms that generate the microseismicity that occurs during a hydraulic fracture stimulation; and the interpretation of the generated microseismicity in relation to the volume of stimulated reservoir formation. {\textcopyright} 2013 Springer-Verlag Wien.},
	keywords = {Discrete element modeling, Horizontal well, Hydraulic fracturing, Multi-stage fracturing, Natural fractures, Numerical simulation, Stimulation, Stimulation optimization, Well completion},
	issn = {0723-2632},
	doi = {10.1007/s00603-013-0391-x},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84877873776\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Nagel, N. B. and Sanchez-Nagel, M. A. and Zhang, F. and Garcia, X. and Lee, B.}
}
@article {Bornstein2013,
	title = {{Direct temperature and salinity acoustic full waveform inversion}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {40},
	number = {16},
	year = {2013},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {4344{\textendash}4348},
	abstract = {Recent work has shown that Full Waveform Inversion could be suitable to extract physical properties such as sound speed (c), density ($\rho$), temperature (T), and salinity (S) from the weak impedance contrasts associated with the ocean{\textquoteright}s thermohaline fine structure.The seismic inversion approaches proposed so far are based on the iterative inversion of c from multichannel seismic data, while the rest of parameters (T,S, and $\rho$) are determined in a second step using two equations of state and a local T-S empirical relationship. In this work, we present an alternative to this approach. Using 1-D synthetic seismic data, we demonstrate that the direct full waveform inversion of T and S using adjoint methods is feasible without the use of any local T-S relationship and that the models of physical properties obtained with this approach are far more accurate than those inferred from c. Key Points T and S can be inverted simultaneously from ocean acoustic data using FWI Local T-S empirical relationships are not required for the inversion Our T and S results have a potential density error of 0.01 kg/m3. {\textcopyright} 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {acoustic oceanography, adjoint method, full waveform inversion, thermohaline fine structure},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1002/grl.50844},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84882307211\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Bornstein, G. and Biescas, B. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Mojica, J. F.}
}
@article {Moeller2013,
	title = {{Early-stage rifting of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea Basin: Results from a combined wide-angle and multichannel seismic study}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {8},
	year = {2013},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {3032{\textendash}3052},
	abstract = {Extension of the continental lithosphere leads to the formation of rift basins and ultimately may create passive continental margins. The mechanisms that operate during the early stage of crustal extension are still intensely debated. We present the results from coincident multichannel seismic and wide-angle seismic profiles that transect across the northern Tyrrhenian Sea Basin. The profiles cross the Corsica Basin (France) to the Latium Margin (Italy) where the early-rift stage of the basin is well preserved. We found two domains, each with a distinct tectonic style, heat flow and crustal thickness. One domain is the Corsica Basin in the west that formed before the main rift phase of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea opening (\~{}8-4 Ma). The second domain is rifted continental crust characterized by tilted blocks and half-graben structures in the central region and at the Latium Margin. These two domains are separated by a deep (\~{}10 km) sedimentary complex of the eastern portion of the Corsica Basin. Travel-time tomography of wide-angle seismic data reveals the crustal architecture and a subhorizontal 15-17 {\textpm} 1 km deep Moho discontinuity under the basin. To estimate the amount of horizontal extension we have identified the pre-, syn-, and post-tectonic sedimentary units and calculated the relative displacement of faults. We found that major faults initiated at angles of 45{\textdegree}-50{\textdegree} and that the rifted domain is horizontally stretched by a factor of $\beta$ \~{} 1.3 (\~{}8-10 mm/a). The crust has been thinned from \~{}24 to \~{}17 km indicating a similar amount of extension (\~{}30\%). The transect represents one of the best imaged early rifts and implies that the formation of crustal-scale detachments, or long-lived low-angle normal faults, is not a general feature that controls the rift initiation of continental crust. Other young rift basins, like the Gulf of Corinth, the Suez Rift or Lake Baikal, display features resembling the northern Tyrrhenian Basin, suggesting that half-graben formations and distributed homogeneous crustal thinning are a common feature during rift initiation. {\textcopyright}2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {Basin formation, Continental extension, Multichannel seismic data, Rifting, Tyrrhenian Sea, Wide-Angle data},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20180},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84885100133\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Moeller, S. and Grevemeyer, I. and Ranero, C. R. and Berndt, C. and Klaeschen, D. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Zitellini, N. and de Franco, R.}
}
@article {Kluesner2013,
	title = {{High density of structurally controlled, shallow to deep water fluid seep indicators imaged offshore Costa Rica}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {519{\textendash}539},
	abstract = {We used high-resolution mapping to document 161 sites of potential fluid seepage on the shelf and slope regions where no geophysical seep indicators had been reported. Identified potential seabed seepage sites show both high-backscatter anomalies and bathymetric expressions, such as pockmarks, mounds, and ridges. Almost all identified seabed features are associated with bright spots and flat spots beneath, as mapped within the 3-D seismic grid. We obtained EM122 multi-beam data using closely spaced receiver beams and 4-5 times overlapping multi-beam swaths, which greatly improved the sounding density and geologic resolvability of the data. At least one location shows an acoustic plume in the water column on a 3.5 kHz profile, and this plume is located along a fault trace and above surface and subsurface seepage indicators. Fluid indicators are largely associated with folds and faults within the sediment section, and many of the faults continue into and offset the reflective basement. A dense pattern of normal faults is seen on the outer shelf in the multi-beam bathymetry, backscatter, and 3-D seismic data, and the majority of fluid seepage indicators lie along mapped fault traces. Furthermore, linear mounds, ridges, and pockmark chains are found on the upper, middle, and lower slope regions. The arcuate shape of the shelf edge, projection of the Quepos Ridge, and high density of potential seep sites suggest that this area may be a zone of former seamount/ridge subduction. These results demonstrate a much greater potential seep density and distribution than previously reported across the Costa Rican margin. {\textcopyright}2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {Costa Rica, fluid flow, fluid seepage, Marine Geology and Geophysics, subduction zones},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20058},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84879641763\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Kluesner, Jared W. and Silver, Eli A. and Bangs, Nathan L. and McIntosh, Kirk D. and Gibson, James and Orange, Daniel and Ranero, Cesar R. and von Huene, Roland}
}
@conference {BiescasGorriz2013,
	title = {{Inversion of density in the ocean from seismic reflection data}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {005009{\textendash}005009},
	abstract = {Previous works in seismic oceanography explain that acoustic reflections are primarily associated with temperature vertical variations, so seismic images in the ocean can be interpreted as thermal contrasts maps. Temperature and salinity are the physical properties that describe structures in the ocean. However, the main physical parameter that controls oceans dynamics is the density and, since the ocean is a compressible fluid, potential density is the property that determines the stability, mixing and mesoscale motions of the particles. We have inverted oceanic impedance from seismic data and then derived density and potential density surfaces from the oceanic impedance. Results of the inverted potential density have been compared with seismic reflectors to show the relation between isopycnals and reflectors. We have also compare the seismic profiles of the GO Survey with the space-coincident CTDs and space and time-coincident XBTs to understand the nature of the reflectivity and its relation with the potential density in the ocean. {\textcopyright} 2013 Acoustical Society of America.},
	issn = {1939800X},
	doi = {10.1121/1.4798967},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84878986220\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Biescas Gorriz, Berta and Ruddick, Barry R. and Sallares, Valenti}
}
@article {Mel{\'e}ndez2013243,
	title = {{Origin of water layer multiple phases with anomalously high amplitude in near-seafloor wide-angle seismic recordings}},
	journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
	volume = {196},
	number = {1},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {243{\textendash}252},
	abstract = {Water layer multiple seismic phases are recorded at ocean bottom seismometers and hydrophones as arrivals that correspond to the reflection of the primary phases at the sea-free air interface. In regions of low to moderate seabed relief, the shape of these phases mimics that of the primary phases with a traveltime delay that depends on the water layer thickness at the receiver location. Given their longer travel paths, multiple phases should have smaller amplitudes than their corresponding primary phases. However, depending on the geological context it can be relatively common to observe the opposite, which results in the identification of the multiple phases at longer offsets than the primary events. In this paper, we examine the origin of this apparently paradoxical phenomenon by analysing the combined effect of the major factors potentially involved: the source frequency content, the subsurface velocity distribution, the receiver-seafloor distance, the geometrical spreading and attenuation of sound waves and the ambient noise level.We use synthetic modelling to show that for certain combinations of these factors, the interference between the multiple and its reflection at the seafloor is constructive and has a higher amplitude than the primary wave. Our analysis indicates that in the most favourable cases the phases resulting from this interference can be observed at offsets some tens of kilometres longer than their corresponding primary phases, and thus they can provide useful information for velocity modelling. {\textcopyright} The Authors 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.},
	keywords = {ambient noise, Controlled source seismology, Controlled-source seismologies, Earthquake effects, Geometrical spread, hydrophone, Numerical approximations and analysis, numerical method, ocea, Seismology, Site effects, Wave propagation},
	issn = {0956540X},
	doi = {10.1093/gji/ggt391},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84890885715\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84890885715\&partnerID=40\&md5=a3729b5c20fafb9373a2a82c94b34990},
	author = {Mel{\'e}ndez, A.a and Sallar{\`e}s, V.a and Ranero, C.R.b R. and Kormann, J.c and Mel{\'e}ndez, A. and Sallar{\`e}s, V.}
}
@article {Sallares2013a,
	title = {{Overriding plate structure of the Nicaragua convergent margin: Relationship to the seismogenic zone of the 1992 tsunami earthquake}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	number = {9},
	year = {2013},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {3436{\textendash}3461},
	abstract = {We present 2-D seismic velocity models and coincident multichannel seismic reflection images of the overriding plate and the inter-plate boundary of the Nicaragua convergent margin along two wide-angle seismic profiles parallel and normal to the trench acquired in the rupture area of the 1992 tsunami earthquake. The trench-perpendicular profile runs over a seamount subducting under the margin slope, at the location where seismological observations predict large coseismic slip. Along this profile, the igneous basement shows increasing velocity both with depth and away from the trench, reflecting a progressive decrease in upper-plate rock degree of fracturing. Upper mantle-like velocities are obtained at \~{}10 km depth beneath the fore-arc Sandino basin, indicating a shallow mantle wedge. A mismatch of the inter-plate reflector in the velocity models and along coincident multichannel seismic profiles under the slope is best explained by \~{}15\% velocity anisotropy, probably caused by subvertical open fractures that may be related to fluid paths feeding known seafloor seepage sites. The presence of a shallow, partially serpentinized mantle wedge, and the fracture-related anisotropy are supported by gravity analysis of velocity-derived density models. The downdip limit of inter-plate seismicity occurs near the tip of the inferred mantle wedge, suggesting that seismicity could be controlled by the presence of serpentinite group minerals at the fault gouge. Near the trench, the inferred local increase of normal stress produced by the subducting seamount in the plate boundary may have made this fault segment unstable during earthquake rupture, which could explain its tsunamigenic character. {\textcopyright} 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {Convergent margin, travel time tomography, tsunami earthquake, wide-angle seismics},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20214},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84886671506\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Sallares, Valenti and Mel{\'e}ndez, Adri{\`a} and Prada, Manuel and Ranero, Cesar R. and McIntosh, Kirk and Grevemeyer, Ingo}
}
@article {Lucchi2013,
	title = {{Postglacial sedimentary processes on the Storfjorden and Kveithola trough mouth fans: Significance of extreme glacimarine sedimentation}},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2013},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {309{\textendash}326},
	abstract = {The depositional history of the Storfjorden and Kveithola trough-mouth fans (TMFs) in the northwestern Barents Sea has been investigated within two coordinated Spanish and Italian projects in the framework of the International Polar Year (IPY) Activity 367, NICE STREAMS. The investigation has been conducted using a multidisciplinary approach to the study of sediment cores positioned on high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and TOPAS/CHIRP sub-bottom profiles.Core correlation and the age model were based on 27 AMS 14C samples, rock magnetic parameters, lithofacies sequences, and the presence of marker beds including two oxidized layers marking the post Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) inception of deglaciation (OX-2) and the Younger Dryas cold climatic event (OX-1).Sediment facies analysis allowed the distinction of a number of depositional processes whose onset appears closely related to ice stream dynamics and oceanographic patterns in response to climate change. The glacigenic diamicton with low water content, high density, and high shear strength, deposited during glacial maxima, indicates ice streams grounded at the shelf edge. Massive release of IRD occurred at the inception of deglaciation in response to increased calving rates with possible outer ice streams lift off and collapse. The presence of a several-meter-thick sequence of interlaminated sediments deposited by subglacial outbursts of turbid meltwater (plumites) indicates rapid ice streams{\textquoteright} melting and retreat. Crudely-layered and heavily-bioturbated sediments were deposited by contour currents under climatic/environmental conditions favorable to bioproductivity.The extreme sedimentation rate of 3.4cma-1 calculated for the plumites from the upper-slope area indicates a massive, nearly instantaneous (less than 150years), terrigenous input corresponding to an outstanding meltwater event. We propose these interlaminated sediments to represent the high-latitude marine record of MeltWater Pulse 1a (MWP-1a). Different bathymetric and oceanographic conditions controlled locally the mode of glacial retreat, resulting in different thickness of plumites on the upper continental slope of the Storfjorden and Kveithola TMFs. It is possible that the southern part of Storfjorden TMF received additional sediments from the deglaciation of the neighboring Kveithola ice stream. {\textcopyright} 2013.},
	keywords = {Barents Sea, Gullies, LGM, Meltwater plumes, MWP-1a, Sedimentary processes},
	issn = {09218181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.10.008},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84887563264\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Lucchi, R.G. and Camerlenghi, A. and Rebesco, M. and Colmenero-Hidalgo, E. and Sierro, F.J. and Sagnotti, L. and Urgeles, R. and Melis, R. and Morigi, C. and B{\'a}rcena, M.-A. and Giorgetti, G. and Villa, G. and Persico, D. and Flores, J.-A. and Rigual-Hern{\'a}ndez, A.S. and Pedrosa, M.T. and Macri, P. and Caburlotto, A.}
}
@booklet {Martinez-Loriente2013a,
	title = {{Pre-stack depth migration seismic imaging of the Coral Patch Ridge and adjacent Horseshoe and Seine Abyssal Plains (Gulf of Cadiz): tectonic implications}},
	year = {2013},
	month = {apr},
	publisher = {Universidad de Oviedo},
	abstract = {Peer Reviewed},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/75234},
	author = {Martinez-Loriente, S. and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Klaeschen, D. and Vizcaino, A. and Sallares, Valenti and Da{\~n}obeitia, Juan Jos{\'e} and Zitellini, N.}
}
@article {Sallares2013,
	title = {{Seismic evidence of exhumed mantle rock basement at the Gorringe Bank and the adjacent Horseshoe and Tagus abyssal plains (SW Iberia)}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {365},
	year = {2013},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {120{\textendash}131},
	abstract = {The Gorringe Bank is a gigantic seamount that separates the Horseshoe and Tagus abyssal plains offshore SW Iberia, in a zone that hosts the convergent boundary between the Africa and Eurasia plates. Although the region has been the focus of numerous investigations since the early 1970s, the lack of appropriate geophysical data makes the nature of the basement, and thus the origin of the structures, still debated. In this work, we present combined P-wave seismic velocity and gravity models along a transect that crosses the Gorringe Bank from the Tagus to the Horseshoe abyssal plains. The P-wave velocity structure of the basement is similar in the Tagus and Horseshoe plains. It shows a 2.5-3.0. km-thick top layer with a velocity gradient twice stronger than oceanic Layer 2 and an abrupt change to an underlying layer with a five-fold weaker gradient. Velocity and density is lower beneath the Gorringe Bank probably due to enhanced fracturing, that have led to rock disaggregation in the sediment-starved northern flank. In contrast to previous velocity models of this region, there is no evidence of a sharp crust-mantle boundary in any of the record sections. The modelling results indicate that the sediment overlays directly serpentinite rock, exhumed from the mantle with a degree of serpentinization decreasing from a maximum of 70-80\% under the top of Gorringe Bank to less than 5\% at a depth of \~{}20. km. We propose that the three domains were originally part of a single serpentine rock band, of nature and possibly origin similar to the Iberia Abyssal Plain ocean-continent transition, which was probably generated during the earliest phase of the North Atlantic opening that followed continental crust breakup (Early Cretaceous). During the Miocene, the NW-SE trending Eurasia-Africa convergence resulted in thrusting of the southeastern segment of the exhumed serpentinite band over the northwestern one, forming the Gorringe Bank. The local deformation associated to plate convergence and uplift could have promoted pervasive rock fracturing of the overriding plate, leading eventually to rock disaggregation in the northern flank of the GB, which could be now a potential source of rock avalanches and tsunamis. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Gravity modelling, Mantle exhumation, North Atlantic margin, Travel-time tomography, wide-angle seismics},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.01.021},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874491076\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Sallares, Valenti and Mart{\'\i}nez-Loriente, Sara and Prada, Manel and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Ranero, C{\'e}sar and Gutscher, Marc-Andr{\'e} and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Gailler, Audrey and Da{\~n}obeitia, Juan Jos{\'e} and Zitellini, Nevio}
}
@conference {Gutierrez2013,
	title = {{Statistical model of a signal of Raman spectroscopy: Detection}},
	booktitle = {Symposium of Signals, Images and Artificial Vision - 2013: STSIVA - 2013},
	year = {2013},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1{\textendash}5},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a technique to find the spectral fingerprint of a material under study. To reach the spectrum, it is necessary to pass the acquired signal at the spectrometer by a bank of filters known as Raman signal{\textquoteright}s preprocessing system, which should eliminate all noise components accompanying the signal. The behavior of these noise components, and even the signal itself, are information that can be useful in order to optimize the system and to study the signal itself. This paper proposes a statistical model of Raman signal as the pre-processing system receives it, the signal{\textquoteright}s noise components and their statistical behavior, including its mathematical representation are presented. Additionally, it shows the results of the implementation of the simulation model leaving the door open for the validation, on which work is being done. The implementation of this model may be useful as an input signal for the optimization of the filter banks, since there are not always sufficient Raman signals for detailed study and development of filters for a specific signal under study. The model could also be used as a base for the study for systems using Raman spectroscopy to recognize substances. {\textcopyright} 2013 IEEE.},
	keywords = {pre-processing system of the Raman signal, Raman spectrometry, spectral fingerprint, statistical model},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-1121-9},
	doi = {10.1109/STSIVA.2013.6644935},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84891057081\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Gutierrez, Carlos A. and Garcia, Xavier and Zurek, Eduardo E. and Salazar, Augusto}
}
@article {Gracia2012a,
	title = {{Acoustic and seismic imaging of the Adra Fault (NE Alboran Sea): in search of the source of the 1910 Adra earthquake}},
	journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},
	volume = {12},
	number = {11},
	year = {2012},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {3255{\textendash}3267},
	publisher = {European Geosciences Union},
	abstract = {Recently acquired swath-bathymetry data and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles offshore Adra (Almer{\'\i}a, Spain) reveal the surficial expression of a NW-SE trending 20 km-long fault, which we termed the Adra Fault. Seismic imaging across the structure depicts a sub-vertical fault reaching the seafloor surface and slightly dipping to the NE showing an along-axis structural variability. Our new data suggest normal displacement of the uppermost units with probably a lateral component. Radiocarbon dating of a gravity core located in the area indicates that seafloor sediments are of Holocene age, suggesting present-day tectonic activity. The NE Alboran Sea area is characterized by significant low-magnitude earthquakes and by historical records of moderate magnitude, such as the Mw Combining double low line 6.1 1910 Adra Earthquake. The location, dimension and kinematics of the Adra Fault agree with the fault solution and magnitude of the 1910 Adra Earthquake, whose moment tensor analysis indicates normal-dextral motion. The fault seismic parameters indicate that the Adra Fault is a potential source of large magnitude (Mw <= 6.5) earthquakes, which represents an unreported seismic hazard for the neighbouring coastal areas.{\textcopyright} 2013 IEEE.},
	issn = {1684-9981},
	doi = {10.5194/nhess-12-3255-2012},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84881091009\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1 http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/64147},
	author = {Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Bartolome, R. and Lo Iacono, C. and Moreno, X. and Stich, D. and Mart{\'\i}nez-Diaz, J. J. and Bozzano, G. and Martinez-Loriente, S. and Perea, H. and Diez, S. and Masana, E. and Danobeitia, J. J. and Tello, O. and Sanz, J. L. and Carre{\~n}o, E.}
}
@article {Perea2012a,
	title = {{An active zone characterized by slow normal faults, the northwestern margin of the Val{\`e}ncia trough (NE Iberia): a review}},
	journal = {Journal of Iberian Geology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {35{\textendash}57},
	abstract = {The northwestern margin of the Valencia trough is an area of low strain characterized by slow normal faults and low to moderate seismicity. Since the mid 1990s this area has been the subject of a number of studies on active tectonic which have proposed different approaches to the location of active faults and to the calculation of the parameters that describe their seismic cycle. Fifty-six active faults have been found and a classification has been made in accordance with their characteristics: a) faults with clear evidence of large paleo-, historic or instrumental earthquakes (2/56); b) faults with evidence of accumulated activity during the Plio-Quaternary and with associated instrumental seismicity (7/56); c) faults with evidence of accumulated activity during the Plio-Quaternary and without associated instrumental seismicity (17/56); d) faults with associated instrumental seismicity and without evidence of accumulated activity during the Plio-Quaternary (30/56), and e) faults without evidence of activity or inactive faults. The parameters that describe the seismic cycle of these faults have been evaluated by different methods that use the geological data obtained for each fault except when paleoseismological studies were available. This classification can be applied to other areas with low slip faults because of the simplicity of the approaches adopted. This study reviews the different approaches proposed and describes the active faults located, highlighting the need a) to better understand active faults in slow strain zones through paleoseismological studies, and b) to include them in seismic hazard studies.},
	keywords = {Active faults, Active tectonics, Iberian peninsula, Paleoseismology, Seismic cycle, Val{\`e}ncia trough},
	issn = {1886-7995},
	doi = {10.5209/rev\_JIGE.2012.v38.n1.39204},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84861786693\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Perea, H. and Masana, E. and Santanach, P.}
}
@inbook {TMadurell;C.Orejas;S.Requena;A.Gori;A.Purroy;C.LoIacono;A.Sabates;C.Dominguez;JM.Gili2012,
	title = {{The benthic communities of the Cap de Creus Canyon}},
	booktitle = {Mediterranean submarine canyons: ecology and governance},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {123{\textendash}132},
	isbn = {978-2-8317-1469-1},
	doi = {2831714699},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=es\&lr=\&id=7oanUOft4cwC\&pgis=1},
	author = {T Madurell and Orejas, C. and Requena, S. and Gori, A. and Purroy, A. and Iacono, C. Lo and Sabates, A. and Dominguez, C. and Gili, JM.}
}
@inbook {Urgeles2012,
	title = {{Distinguishing sediment bedforms from sediment deformation in prodeltas of the Mediterranean Sea.}},
	booktitle = {Submarine Mass Movement and Their Consequences, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {233{\textendash}244},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht},
	abstract = {Most Mediterranean prodeltas show undulated sediments on the foresets of their Holocene wedges. These features have been described all along the Mediterranean and interpreted as either soft sediment deformation or, more recently, as sediment bedforms. We present a detailed analysis of these features using ultrahighresolution seismic and bathymetric data, as well as geotechnical information and hydrodynamic time series and hydrographic transects. We show that the characteristics of the sediment undulations (morphology and configuration of the reflections down section and between adjacent undulations) are incompatible with a genesis by sediment deformation. {\textcopyright} Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012.},
	keywords = {Prodeltas, Sediment bedforms, slope failure, Undulated sediments},
	isbn = {978-94-007-2161-6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904091924\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Urgeles, Roger and Cattaneo, Antonio and Puig, Pere and Liquete, Camino and De Mol, Ben and Sultan, Nabil and Trincardi, Fabio},
	editor = {Yamada, Yasuhiro and Kawamura, Kiichiro and Ikehara, Ken and Ogawa, Yujiro and Urgeles, Roger and Mosher, David and Chaytor, Jason and Strasser, Michael}
}
@article {Bartolome2012,
	title = {{Evidence for active strike-slip faulting along the Eurasia-Africa convergence zone: Implications for seismic hazard in the southwest Iberian margin}},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {40},
	number = {6},
	year = {2012},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {495{\textendash}498},
	abstract = {New seismic imaging and seismotectonic data from the southwest Iberian margin, the site of the present-day boundary between the European and African plates, reveal that active strike slip is occurring along two prominent lineaments that have recently been mapped using multibeam bathymetry. Multichannel seismic and subbottom profiler images acquired across the lineaments show seafloor displacements and active faulting to depths of at least 10 km and of a minimum length of 150 km. Seismic moment tensors show predominantly WNW-ESE rightlateral strike-slip motion, i.e., oblique to the direction of plate convergence. Estimates of earthquake source depths close to the fault planes indicate upper mantle (i.e., depths of 40-60 km) seismogenesis, implying the presence of old, thick, and brittle lithosphere. The estimated fault seismic parameters indicate that the faults are capable of generating great magnitude (Mw >= 8.0) earthquakes. Such large events raise the concomitant possibility of slope failures that have the potential to trigger tsunamis. Consequently, our findings identify an unreported earthquake and tsunami hazard for the Iberian and north African coastal areas. {\textcopyright} 2012 Geological Society of America.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G33107.1},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84862119131\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Bartolome, R. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Stich, D. and Martinez-Loriente, S. and Klaeschen, D. and de Lis Mancilla, F. and Lo Iacono, C. and Danobeitia, J. J. and Zitellini, N.}
}
@article {Szpak2012,
	title = {{Geophysical and geochemical survey of a large marine pockmark on the Malin Shelf, Ireland}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {Marine pockmarks are a specific type of seabed geological setting resembling craters or pits and are considered seabed surface expressions of fluid flow in the subsurface. A large composite pockmark on the Malin Shelf, off the northern coast of Ireland was surveyed and ground truthed to assess its activity and investigate fluid related processes in the subsurface. Geophysical (including acoustic and electromagnetic) data confirmed the subsurface presence of signatures typical of fluids within the sediment. Shallow seismic profiling revealed a large shallow gas pocket and typical gas related indicators such as acoustic blanking and enhanced reflectors present underneath and around the large pockmark. Sulphate profiles indicate that gas from the shallow reservoir has been migrating upwards, at least recently. However, there are no chimney structures observed in the sub-bottom data and the migration pathways are not apparent. Electromagnetic data show slightly elevated electrical conductivity on the edges of the pockmarks and a drop below regional levels within the confines of the pockmark, suggesting changes in physical properties of the sediment. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments were employed to characterize the organic component of sediments from selected depths. Very strong microbial signatures were evident in all NMR spectra but microbes outside the pockmark appear to be much more active than inside. These observations coincide with spikes in conductivity and the lateral gas bearing body suggesting that there is an increase in microbial activity and biomass when gas is present. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	keywords = {electromagnetic, Malin Shelf, microbial, NMR, organic matter, pockmark},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GC003787},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856247401\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Szpak, M. T. and Monteys, X. and O{\textquoteright}Reilly, S. and Simpson, A. J. and Garcia, X. and Evans, R. L. and Allen, C. C. R. and McNally, D. J. and Courtier-Murias, D. and Kelleher, B. P.}
}
@article {Gutscher2012,
	title = {{The Gibraltar subduction: A decade of new geophysical data}},
	journal = {Tectonophysics},
	volume = {574-575},
	year = {2012},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {72{\textendash}91},
	abstract = {The Gibraltar arc, spans a complex portion of the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary marked by slow oblique convergence and intermediate and deep focus seismicity. The seemingly contradictory observations of a young extensional marine basin surrounded by an arcuate fold-and-thrust belt, have led to competing geodynamic models (delamination and subduction). Geophysical data acquired in the past decade provide a test for these models and support a narrow east-dipping, subduction zone. Seismic refraction studies indicate oceanic crust below the western Gulf of Cadiz. Tomography of the upper mantle reveals a steep, east-dipping high P-wave velocity body, beneath Gibraltar. The anisotropic mantle fabric from SKS splitting shows arc-parallel "fast directions", consistent with toroidal flow around a narrow, westward retreating subducting slab. The accompanying WSW advance of the Rif-Betic mountain belt has constructed a thick pile of deformed sediments, an accretionary wedge, characterized by west-vergent thrust anticlines. Bathymetric swath-mapping images an asymmetric embayment at the deformation front where a 2. km high basement ridge has collided. Subduction has slowed significantly since 5. Ma, but deformation of recent sediments and abundant mud volcanoes suggest ongoing activity in the accretionary wedge. Three possible origins for this deformation are discussed; gravitational spreading, overall NW-SE convergence between Africa and Iberia and finally a WSW tectonic push from slow, but ongoing roll-back subduction. In the absence of arc volcanism and shallow dipping thrust type earthquakes, evidence in favor of present-day subduction can only be indirect and remains the object of debate. Continued activity of the subduction offers a possible explanation for great (M. >. 8.5) earthquakes known to affect the area, like the famous 1755 Great Lisbon earthquake. Recent GPS studies show SW motion of stations in N Morocco at velocities of 3-6. mm/yr indicating the presence of an independent block, a "Rif-Betic-Alboran" microplate, situated between Iberia and Africa. {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Accretionary wedge, Active deformation, earthquakes, Iberia, Roll-back subduction, Tethys oceanic lithosphere},
	issn = {00401951},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2012.08.038},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84867273669\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Gutscher, M.-A. and Dominguez, S. and Westbrook, G.K. and Le Roy, P. and Rosas, F. and Duarte, J.C. and Terrinha, P. and Miranda, J.M. and Graindorge, D. and Gailler, A. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Bartolome, R.}
}
@conference {Nagel2012a,
	title = {{Hydraulic fracturing optimization for unconventional reservoirs - The critical role of the mechanical properties of the natural fracture network}},
	booktitle = {Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference 2012, CURC 2012},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {227{\textendash}237},
	abstract = {The success of many shale plays depends on the optimal stimulation of natural fractures, and the characterization of the natural fracture systems is a key issue often leading to the construction of a discrete fracture network (DFN). The DFN chiefly consists of fracture spacing, fracture dip, and dip direction from numerous sources, and, in some cases, is matched to well test data allowing for the determination of hydraulic properties. However, a commonly missing component of natural fracture characterization, and the component most important to evaluating the coupled hydro-mechanical behavior of the fractures during a hydraulic fracture stimulation, is the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the fractures. The important mechanical parameters of the fractures include: a) elastic properties such as shear and normal stiffness, which relate changes in pore pressure to changes in aperture; b) strength parameters such as cohesion and friction angle, which define when a fracture may shear and open; c) dilational properties, which relate fracture opening to shear slippage; d) fracture toughness, which determines the pressure required to extend a fracture; and e) initial aperture. In this paper, using a new, state-of-the-art, fully-coupled, 3D distinct element hydraulic fracturing simulator, mechanical fracture parameters were evaluated in a parametric study in order to determine their impact on the effectiveness of hydraulic fracture stimulations. Copyright 2012, Society of Petroleum Engineers.},
	isbn = {9781622764884},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84875645702\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Nagel, Neal B. and Garcia, Xavier and Lee, Byungtark and Sanchez-Nagel, Marisela}
}
@conference {Nagel2012b,
	title = {{A numerical evaluation of the geomechanical interactions between a hydraulic fracture stimulation and a natural fracture system}},
	booktitle = {46th US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2012},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1882{\textendash}1898},
	abstract = {Due to the low permeability of many shale gas reservoirs, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells is used to increase the stimulated volume. However, each created hydraulic fracture alters the stress field around it, and subsequent fractures are affected by the stress field from the previous fractures, which results in higher net pressures, smaller fracture widths, and diminished microseismic emissions. The results of a numerical evaluation of the effect of stress shadowing, as a function of natural fracture and geomechanical properties, are presented, including a detailed evaluation of natural fracture shear failure (and, by analogy, the microseismicity) due to a created hydraulic fracture using both continuum and discrete element modeling approaches. The results show the critical impact that a created hydraulic fracture has on the shear of the natural fracture system, which in-turn, significantly affects the success of the stimulation. Furthermore, the results provide important insight into the mechanisms that generate the microseismicity that occurs during a hydraulic fracture stimulation. Copyright 2012 ARMA, American Rock Mechanics Association.},
	isbn = {9781622765140},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84873277033\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Nagel, N. B. and Sanchez-Nagel, M. A. and Garcia, X. and Lee, B.}
}
@inbook {Rebesco2012,
	title = {{One million years of climatic generated landslide events on the northwestern Barents Sea continental margin.}},
	booktitle = {Submarine Mass Movement and Their Consequences, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {747{\textendash}756},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht},
	abstract = {Relatively recent, shallow landslides are imaged both on swath bathymetry, sub-bottom and multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) data from the upper-middle continental slope on the Storfjorden and Kveithola Trough Mouth Fans, NW Barents Sea margin. Giant paleo-landslide deposits, detected only by MCS profiles, are characterized by chaotic acoustic units up to about 250 m thick on the lower continental slope. The thickest, oldest landslide, dated between 1 and 0.8 Ma, took place just after the large-scale intensification of glaciation in the Barents Sea. The apparent spatial coincidence of landslides and channels with the boundary between the two fan systems, that are generated due to huge quantities of sediments transported to the continental slope by paleo-ice streams, suggests a common controlling climatic process for their development. Most probably the slides are related to the abundance of basal meltwater beneath the ice sheet, which in addition to determining ice stream motion and lubrication also influences the behavior of mass wasting processes. {\textcopyright} Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012.},
	keywords = {Continental slope, NW barents sea margin, Sealloor morphology, Seismic reflection, Submarine landslide},
	isbn = {978-94-007-2161-6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904105361\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Rebesco, Michele and Pedrosa, Maria T. and Camerlenghi, Angelo and Lucchi, Renata G. and Sauli, Chiara and De Mol, Ben and Madrussani, Gianni and Urgeles, Roger and Rossi, Giuliana and B{\"o}hm, Gualtiero},
	editor = {Yamada, Yasuhiro and Kawamura, Kiichiro and Ikehara, Ken and Ogawa, Yujiro and Urgeles, Roger and Mosher, David and Chaytor, Jason and Strasser, Michael}
}
@inbook {Harders2012,
	title = {{An overview of the role of long-term tectonics and incoming plate structure on segmentation of submarine mass wasting phenomena along the Middle America Trench.}},
	booktitle = {Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences - 5th International Symposium},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {391{\textendash}402},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht},
	abstract = {We study mass wasting along the Middle America Trench (MAT), a subduction zone dominated by tectonic erosion, using a comprehensive data set of seafloor relief. We integrate previous studies of long- Term tectonic processes to analyze how they influence the evolution of the slope structure and precondition the continental slope for mass wasting. We have used the distribution of an inventory of 147 slope failure structures along the MAT to discuss their relation to subduction erosion. We interpret that preconditioning of the slope by long- Term tectonics, interacts in a shorter- Term scale with features on the under- Thrusting oceanic plate to modulate the abundance and types of mass wasting phenomena. The complex origin of the incoming oceanic plate has produced abrupt lateral changes in plate age, crustal thickness, relief, and response to bending deformation at the trench, leading to its partitioning into six segments. We found that the continental-slope failure style and abundance are partitioned into six segments that spatially match the ocean plate segments. {\textcopyright} Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012.},
	keywords = {Convergent margin, Subduction erosion, Submarine landslide},
	isbn = {978-94-007-2161-6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904112373\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Harders, Rieka and Ranero, Cesar R. and Weinrebe, Wilhelm},
	editor = {Yamada, Yasuhiro and Kawamura, Kiichiro and Ikehara, Ken and Ogawa, Yujiro and Urgeles, Roger and Mosher, David and Chaytor, Jason and Strasser, Michael}
}
@inbook {Lucchi2012,
	title = {{Recent submarine landslides on the continental slope of Storfjorden and Kveithola Trough-Mouth Fans (north west Barents Sea)}},
	booktitle = {Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 34, Springer, Dordrecht (The Netherlands)},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {735{\textendash}745},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht},
	abstract = {Up to 12 submarine landslides retain a morphological evidence as concave amphitheater-like depressions of various sizes on the middle and upper slope of the Storfjorden and Kveithola Trough-Mouth Fans (TMFs), NW Barents Sea. The largest of them show lateral scarps 35-40 m high that reach the continental shelf edge and cover an area of at least 1,120 km2. Submarine landslides are translational, with headwall and laterals scarps clearly cut into Last Glacial Maximum debris flows deposits. The largest landslides seem to be rooted at the base of a terrigenous/hemipelagic sedimentary unit inferred to be of Middle Weichselian age (Marine Isotopic Stage 3). Stratigraphic, lithological and geotechnical observations suggest that the rapid deposition of a thick sequence of fine-grained, high water content interlaminate plumites is the most important controlling factors in the generation of submarine landslides on the southern Storfjorden and Kveithola TMFs. {\textcopyright} Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012.},
	keywords = {Barents Sea, Debris flow, Ice stream, Kveithola, Storfjorden, Submarine landslide, Trough-mouth fans},
	isbn = {978-94-007-2161-6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904104155\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Lucchi, Renata G. and Pedrosa, Maria T. and Camerlenghi, Angelo and Urgeles, Roger and De Mol, Ben and Rebesco, Michele},
	editor = {Yamada, Yasuhiro and Kawamura, Kiichiro and Ikehara, Ken and Ogawa, Yujiro and Urgeles, Roger and Mosher, David and Chaytor, Jason and Strasser, Michael}
}
@article {Sallares2012,
	title = {{The structure of the Tyrrhenian from integration of multichannel seismic images, wide-angle seismic data, and gravity modeling}},
	journal = {Rendiconti Online Societa Geologica Italiana},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {253{\textendash}254},
	keywords = {Crustal structure, Tectonic structure, Tyrrhenian rifting},
	author = {SALLARES, V and Ranero, C{\'e}sar R and Zitellini, N and Grevemeyer, I and Guzman, M and Prada, M and Moeller, S and R., De Franco and MEDOC Cruise Party}
}
@inbook {Yamada2012,
	title = {{Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences: An introduction.}},
	booktitle = {Submarine Mass Movement and Their Consequences, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1{\textendash}12},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht},
	isbn = {978-94-007-2161-6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84903753314\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Yamada, Yasuhiro and Kawamura, Kiichiro and Ikehara, Ken and Ogawa, Yujiro and Urgeles, Roger and Mosher, David and Chaytor, Jason and Strasser, Michael},
	editor = {Yamada, Yasuhiro and Kawamura, Kiichiro and Ikehara, Ken and Ogawa, Yujiro and Urgeles, Roger and Mosher, David and Chaytor, Jason and Strasser, Michael}
}
@conference {Ranero2012,
	title = {{The tectonic structure of the Tyrrhenian Basin, a complex interaction among faulting and magmatism}},
	booktitle = {Rendiconti Online Societa Geologica Italiana},
	volume = {21},
	number = {PART 1},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {251{\textendash}252},
	keywords = {Crustal structure, Tectonic structure, Tyrrhenian rifting},
	issn = {20358008},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84872362909\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Ranero, C. R. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Zitellini, N. and Grevemeyer, I. and Guzman, M. and Prada, M. and Moeller, S. and de Franco, R.}
}
@article {Rosas2012,
	title = {{Thrust{\textendash}wrench interference between major active faults in the Gulf of Cadiz (Africa{\textendash}Eurasia plate boundary, offshore SW Iberia): Tectonic implications from coupled analog and numerical modeling}},
	journal = {Tectonophysics},
	volume = {548-549},
	year = {2012},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {1{\textendash}21},
	abstract = {Analog and numerical modeling experiments were carried out to investigate the tectonic interference between intersecting major active strike-slip and thrust faults in the Gulf of Cadiz (Africa-Eurasia plate boundary, offshore SW Iberia). The obtained results show that newly mapped tectonic features located in the fault intersection area (corner zone) consist mostly in oblique (dextral-reverse) faults that accommodate significant strain partitioning. Modeling of this corner-zone faults show that they have endured some degree of rotation, displaying successive evolving geometries and kinematics. Numerical modeling results further show that an interbedded shallow soft layer, accounting for a regional (Late Miocene) gravitational "Chaotic" unit, could explain the mild bathymetric expression of the fault pattern in the corner-zone. Moreover, a recognized depth discrepancy, between the (upper crust) interference fault-pattern and the (lithospheric mantle) seismicity, is interpreted as a manifestation of similar thrust-wrench tectonic interference at different lithospheric depths. Accordingly, an intermediate lower crust-upper mantle aseismic (i.e. softened) depth-domain could be explained by pervasive alteration/serpentinization, prompted by fluid percolation through fault-related fractures associated with the newly revealed corner zone fault-network. Overall obtained results reinforce the relevance of a thrust-wrench multi-rupture seismic scenario as the main cause for the moderate seismicity (Mw < 6.0) in the study area. {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Analog and numerical modeling, Fault interference, Gulf of Cadiz, Lithospheric mantle seismicity, Multi-rupture seismic hazards, Thrust-wrench tectonics},
	issn = {00401951},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2012.04.013},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84862115104\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Rosas, F.M. and Duarte, J.C. and Neves, M.C. and Terrinha, P. and Silva, S. and Matias, L. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Bartolome, R.}
}
@booklet {Sallares,
	title = {{Active faulting and slope failure in the Iberian margins: towards offshore geohazard mitigation}},
	year = {2011},
	publisher = {International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea},
	abstract = {12 pages, 7 figures.},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/57350},
	author = {Sallares, Valenti and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Urgeles, Roger}
}
@article {Kormann2011,
	title = {{Application of acoustic full waveform inversion to retrieve high-resolution temperature and salinity profiles from synthetic seismic data}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {116},
	number = {C11},
	year = {2011},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {C11039},
	abstract = {Recent works show that multichannel seismic (MCS) systems are able to provide detailed information on the oceans{\textquoteright} fine structure. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether 1-D full waveform inversion algorithms are suitable to recover the extremely weak acoustic impedance contrasts associated to the oceans{\textquoteright} fine structure, as well as their potential to image meso-scale objects such as meddies. We limited our analysis to synthetic, noise-free data, in order to identify some methodological issues related to this approach under idealistic conditions (e.g., 1-D wave propagation, noise-free data, known source wavelet). We first discuss the influence of the starting model in the context of the multi-scale strategy that we have implemented. Then we show that it is possible to retrieve not only sound speed but also salinity and temperature contrasts within reasonable bounds from the seismic data using Neural Network relationships trained with regional oceanographic data sets. Potentially, the vertical resolution of the obtained models, which depends on the maximum frequency inverted, is of the order of 5-10 m, whereas the root mean square error of the inverted properties is shown to be \~{}0.5 m/s for sound speed, 0.1C for temperature, and 0.06 for salinity. To conclude this study, we have inverted synthetic data simulated along an oceanographic transect acquired during the EU-funded Geophysical Oceanography (GO) project. The results demonstrate the applicability of the method for synthetic data, as well as its potential to define oceanographic features along 2-D transects at full ocean depth with excellent lateral resolution. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2011JC007216},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-82355181440\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Kormann, J. and Biescas, B. and Korta, N. and De La Puente, J. and Sallar{\`e}s, V.}
}
@article {Coiras2011,
	title = {{Automatic Segmentation of Multi-Beam Data for Predictive Mapping of Benthic Habitats on the Chella Seamount (North-Eastern Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean)}},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing},
	volume = {4},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {809{\textendash}813},
	abstract = {A reliable and objective classification method has been produced for the differentiation of benthic habitats in the seamount regions of the North-Eastern Alboran Sea. Acoustic backscatter and depth measurements from multi-beam data are automatically fused and then classified using video transects of known cold-water coral ecosystems as ground-truth. Results of the classification reveal the locations of potentially similar habitats in the region, and could be used as a base map for the planning of future scientific campaigns in the area. {\textcopyright} 2008 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Acoustic imaging, automatic classification, benthic habitats, data fusion, marine geology},
	issn = {1939-1404},
	doi = {10.1109/JSTARS.2011.2123874},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-83655198294\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Coiras, Enrique and Lo Iacono, Claudio and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Da{\~n}obeitia, Juanjo and Sanz, Jos{\'e} Luis}
}
@article {Santos2011,
	title = {{Compression and shear-wave velocities in discrete particle simulations of quartz granular packings: Improved Hertz-Mindlin contact model}},
	journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
	volume = {76},
	number = {5},
	year = {2011},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {E165{\textendash}E174},
	abstract = {The Hertz-Mindlin (HM) contact model has been a cornerstone for the development of several effective medium theories (EMTs) aimed at describing the mesoscopic and macroscopic mechanical behavior of granular materials like unconsolidated sands. In addition, this model is at the core of most of the discrete particle method designs used to numerically solve for the responses of these heterogeneous materials to external perturbations, like acoustic and stress-strain experiments. However, this model has shown shortcomings in the description of the shear response characterization of granular materials, partly due to the non-affine motions experienced by the grains. We have developed a correction of the model based on a detailed calibration of our acoustic numerical results with previous empirical data. Using a microscopic approach to the grain-grain contact surfaces, the nature of the corrections found appear to be related to the shear resistant asperities and the smaller scale of the grain-grain contact areas compared to the total area assumed by the HM model. An improved HM model characterized by a tangential stiffness weakening is based on these surface corrections. Using this observation an enhanced EMT theory emerges based not only on the tangential stiffness modification but also on the velocity-pressure dependence obtained during the calibration of our numerical model. {\textcopyright} 2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.},
	keywords = {3D, Compression wave (P-wave), Rock physics, Shear-wave (S-wave), Wave propagation},
	issn = {0016-8033},
	doi = {10.1190/geo2010-0376.1},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84857461284\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Santos, Carlos and Urdaneta, Vanessa and Garcia, Xavier and Medina, Ernesto}
}
@conference {Nagel2011,
	title = {{Discrete element hydraulic fracture modeling - Evaluating changes in natural fracture aperture and transmissivity}},
	booktitle = {Society of Petroleum Engineers - Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference 2011, CURC 2011},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1350{\textendash}1363},
	abstract = {Previous works have presented the results of successful simulations of fluid injection into naturally fractured shale using a Discrete Element Model (DEM). The simulations included coupled fluid flow-deformation analysis, failure type and extent calculations, as well as a series of parametric analyses. The parameters investigated included: 1) injection rate and its effect on the overall fracturing results, and 2) fluid viscosity, which had a significant influence on the ratio of tensile (mode 1) failure versus shear failure. With the huge growth in the stimulation of naturally fractured formations such as fractured shales, it is clear that the industry needs new hydraulic fracturing simulation tools beyond the limits imposed by pseudo3D fracturing models. DEMs, in which both matrix block behavior and fracture behavior are explicitly modeled, offer one option for the specific modeling of hydraulic fracture creation and growth in a naturally fractured formation without, for example, the assumption of bi-planar fracture growth. In this paper, we extend the previous works to quantify, for fractured shale gas plays, the effect of stress orientation, fluid viscosity, and rock mechanical properties in terms of changes in fracture aperture and transmissivity. Changes in fracture transmissivity directly correlate with improvements in well productivity - the primary goal of the stimulation. The results of the study provide a means to improve shale completions by understanding the effects of the DFN orientation relative to the stress field, fluid viscosity, and rock mechanical properties on changes in fracture aperture, fracture transmissivity, and formation effective permeability, which directly relate to well productivity. Copyright 2011, Society of Petroleum Engineers.},
	isbn = {9781618394217},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84860594665\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Nagel, Neal and Damjanac, Branko and Garcia, Xavier and Sanchez-Nagel, Marisela}
}
@article {Evans2011,
	title = {{Electrical lithosphere beneath the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {116},
	number = {B4},
	year = {2011},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {B04105},
	abstract = {A regional-scale magnetotelluric (MT) experiment across the southern African Kaapvaal craton and surrounding terranes, called the Southern African Magnetotelluric Experiment (SAMTEX), has revealed complex structure in the lithospheric mantle. Large variations in maximum resistivity at depths to 200-250 km relate directly to age and tectonic provenance of surface structures. Within the central portions of the Kaapvaal craton are regions of resistive lithosphere about 230 km thick, in agreement with estimates from xenolith thermobarometry and seismic surface wave tomography, but thinner than inferred from seismic body wave tomography. The MT data are unable to discriminate between a completely dry or slightly "damp" (a few hundred parts per million of water) structure within the transitional region at the base of the lithosphere. However, the structure of the uppermost \~{}150 km of lithosphere is consistent with enhanced, but still low, conductivities reported for hydrous olivine and orthopyroxene at levels of water reported for Kaapvaal xenoliths. The electrical lithosphere around the Kimberley and Premier diamond mines is thinner than the maximum craton thickness found between Kimberley and Johannesburg/Pretoria. The mantle beneath the Bushveld Complex is highly conducting at depths around 60 km. Possible explanations for these high conductivities include graphite or sulphide and/or iron metals associated with the Bushveld magmatic event. We suggest that one of these conductive phases (most likely melt-related sulphides) could electrically connect iron-rich garnets in a garnet-rich eclogitic composition associated with a relict subduction slab. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2010JB007883},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79955426798\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Evans, Rob L. and Jones, Alan G. and Garcia, Xavier and Muller, Mark and Hamilton, Mark and Evans, Shane and Fourie, C. J. S. and Spratt, Jessica and Webb, Susan and Jelsma, Hielke and Hutchins, Dave}
}
@article {Manchuel2011,
	title = {{New insights on the interseismic active deformation along the North Ecuadorian-South Colombian (NESC) margin}},
	journal = {Tectonics},
	volume = {30},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {The North Ecuadorian-South Colombian subduction zone was the site of the 1906 Mw 8.8 megathrust earthquake. This main shock was followed by three large events in 1942, 1958, and 1979 whose rupture zones were located within the 500 km long 1906 rupture area. A combined onshore and offshore temporary seismic network covering from the trench to the Andes was deployed during 3 months in the area of large earthquakes, in order to obtain a detailed knowledge of the seismic background activity. Resulting earthquakes location and mechanisms bring new insights on interseismic active deformation distribution in the three main tectonic units of the margin, namely, the Interplate Seismogenic Zone, the fore-arc region which is part of the North Andean Block and the downgoing oceanic Nazca plate. The interplate seismic activity presents along strike variations, suggesting that the seismicity and the associated stress buildup along the plate interface depend on the time elapsed since the last large earthquakes. According to our results, the updip and downdip limits of the seismogenic zone appear to be located at 12 and 30 km depth, respectively. Shallow to intermediate depth seismicity indicates a slab dip angle of ≈25{\textdegree}. North of the Carnegie Ridge, the Wadati-Benioff plane is defined beneath the fore arc down to ≈100 km depth. Facing the ridge, the Wadati-Benioff plane extends beneath the Andes, down to ≈140 km depth. This observation conflicts with the hypothesis of the presence of a flat slab at a depth of 100 km facing the ridge. In the overlying fore-arc region, the crustal seismicity occurs down to 40 km depth and is mainly concentrated in a roughly NW-SE 100 km wide stripe stretching from the coast, at about 1{\textdegree}N, to the Andes. The location of this active deformation stripe coincides with observed tectonic segmentation of the coastal domain as evidenced by the presence of an uplifting segment to the south and a subsiding segment to the north of the stripe. It also corresponds to a ≈30{\textdegree} change in the trend of the Andes, suggesting that the curvature of the volcanic arc might play an important role in the deformation of the fore-arc region. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {02787407},
	doi = {10.1029/2010TC002757},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2010TC002757 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960929640\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Manchuel, Kevin and R{\'e}gnier, Marc and B{\'e}thoux, Nicole and Font, Yvonne and Sallares, Valenti and D{\'\i}az, Jordi and Yepes, Hugo}
}
@article {Urgeles2011,
	title = {{A review of undulated sediment features on Mediterranean prodeltas: distinguishing sediment transport structures from sediment deformation}},
	journal = {Marine Geophysical Research},
	volume = {32},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {49{\textendash}69},
	abstract = {Most Mediterranean prodeltas show undulated sediment features on the foresets of their Holocene wedges. These features have been described all along the Mediterranean for the last 30 years and interpreted as either soft sediment deformation and incipient landsliding, and more recently, as sediment transport structures. We perform a review and detailed analysis of these undulated sediment features using ultrahigh-resolution seismic and bathymetric data as well as geotechnical information and hydrodynamic time series and hydrographic transects. In this study we show that the characteristics of the sediment undulations (configuration of the reflections down section and between adjacent undulations and overall morphologic characteristics) are incompatible with a genesis by sediment deformation alone and do not show evidence of sediment deformation in most cases. Various processes in the benthic boundary layer can be invoked to explain the variety of features observed in the numerous areas displaying sediment undulations. {\textcopyright} 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},
	keywords = {Hyperpycnal flows, Internal waves, Prodeltas, Sediment waves, slope failure, Undulated sediments},
	issn = {0025-3235},
	doi = {10.1007/s11001-011-9125-1},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79961209935\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Urgeles, Roger and Cattaneo, Antonio and Puig, Pere and Liquete, Camino and De Mol, Ben and Amblas, David and Sultan, Nabil and Trincardi, Fabio}
}
@article {Sallares2011,
	title = {{Seismic evidence for the presence of Jurassic oceanic crust in the central Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberian margin)}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {311},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {112{\textendash}123},
	abstract = {We investigate the crustal structure of the SW Iberian margin along a 340. km-long refraction and wide-angle reflection seismic profile crossing from the central Gulf of Cadiz to the Variscan continental margin in the Algarve, Southern Portugal. The seismic velocity and crustal geometry model obtained by joint refraction and reflection travel-time inversion reveal three distinct crustal domains: the 28-30. km-thick Variscan crust in the north, a 60. km-wide transition zone offshore, where the crust abruptly thins \~{}. 20. km, and finally a \~{}. 7. km-thick and \~{}. 150. km-wide crustal section that appears to be oceanic in nature. The oceanic crust is overlain by a 1-3. km-thick section of Mesozoic to Eocene sediments, with an additional 3-4. km of low-velocity, unconsolidated sediments on top belonging to the Miocene age, Gulf of Cadiz imbricated wedge. The sharp transition between continental and oceanic crust is best explained by an initial rifting setting as a transform margin during the Early Jurassic that followed the continental break-up in the Central Atlantic. The narrow oceanic basin would have formed during an oblique rifting and seafloor spreading episode between Iberia and Africa that started shortly thereafter (Bajocian) and lasted up to the initiation of oceanic spreading in the North Atlantic at the Tithonian (late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous). The velocity model displays four wide, prominent, south-dipping low-velocity anomalies, which seem to be related with the presence of crustal-scale faults previously identified in the area, some of which could well be extensional faults generated during this rifting episode. We propose that this oceanic plate segment is the last remnant of an oceanic corridor that once connected the Alpine-Tethys with the Atlantic ocean, so it is, in turn, one of the oldest oceanic crustal fragments currently preserved on Earth. The presence of oceanic crust in the central Gulf of Cadiz is consistent with geodynamic models suggesting the existence of a narrow, westward retreating oceanic slab beneath the Gibraltar arc-Alboran basin system. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Geodynamic evolution, Jurassic oceanic crust, Refraction and reflection travel-time tomography, SW Iberian margin, Uncertainty analysis, wide-angle seismics},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.003},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-81155155560\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Sallares, Valenti and Gailler, Audrey and Gutscher, Marc-Andr{\'e} and Graindorge, David and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and D{\'\i}az, Jordi and Da{\~n}obeitia, Juan Jos{\'e} and Zitellini, Nevio}
}
@article {LoIacono2011,
	title = {{Submarine canyon morphologies in the Gulf of Palermo (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) and possible implications for geo-hazard}},
	journal = {Marine Geophysical Research},
	volume = {32},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {127{\textendash}138},
	abstract = {The continental shelf and the upper slope of the Gulf of Palermo (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) in the depth interval ranging from 50 to 1,500 m were mapped for the first time with Multi Beam echosounder and high resolution seismic. Seven submarine canyons are confined to the upper slope or indent the shelf-edge and enter the Palermo intraslope basin at a depth of around 1,300 m. The canyons evolved through concurrent top-down turbiditic processes and bottom-up retrogressive mass failures. Most of the mass failure features of the area are related to canyon-shaping processes and only few of them are not confined to the upper slope. In general, these features probably do not represent a significant tsunami hazard along the coast. The geological element that controls the evolution of the canyons and induces sediment instability corresponds to the steep slope gradient, especially in the western sector of the Gulf, where the steepest canyons are located. The structural features mapped in the Palermo offshore contributed to the regulation of mass failure processes in the area, with direct faults and antiform structures coinciding with some of the canyon heads. Furthermore, the occurrence of pockmarks and highs that probably consist of authigenic carbonates above faulted and folded strata suggests a local relationship between structural control, fluid escape processes and mass failure. This paper presents a valuable high-resolution morphologic dataset of the Gulf of Palermo, which constitutes a reliable base for evaluating the geo-hazard potential related to slope failure in the area. {\textcopyright} 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},
	keywords = {Geo-hazard, Mass failure processes, Southern Mediterranean, Submarine canyons, Swath mapping},
	issn = {0025-3235},
	doi = {10.1007/s11001-011-9118-0},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79961169577\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Lo Iacono, Claudio and Sulli, Attilio and Agate, Mauro and Lo Presti, Valeria and Pepe, Fabrizio and Catalano, Raimondo}
}
@booklet {Sueng-Won,
	title = {{Submarine Landslides: Science, Technology and Challenges}},
	year = {2011},
	publisher = {Taehan t{\textquoteright}omok hakhoe},
	abstract = {8 pages, 11 figures.},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/57343},
	author = {Sueng-Won, Jeong and Locat, Jacques and Leroueil, Serge and Urgeles, Roger}
}
@conference {Melendez2010,
	title = {{Appraisal of joint refraction and reflection travel-time tomography in the context of weathering correction}},
	booktitle = {72nd European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2010: A New Spring for Geoscience. Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2010},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {4692{\textendash}4696},
	abstract = {We propose an application of joint refraction and reflection travel-time tomography to determine both velocity and thickness of the weathering layer to be used in statics correction. This low velocity layer affects the quality of seismic images. The innovative aspect of our approach is the use of refracted and reflected phases. This remarkably reduces the trade-off between depth and velocity. First arrivals can be automatically picked and the reflection at the layer bottom can be easily identified because of the high impedance contrast with the basement. Synthetic data are generated for a reference model with an acquisition geometry simulating production experiments. The reference model is modified by adding a velocity perturbation and displacing the reflector to create the initial model for the inversion. Travel-time residuals decrease from \~{}1 s to \~{}0.1 s and the reflector is recovered to within {\textpm}2 m. A Monte Carlo analysis is performed to calculate the mean deviation and its reduction as a measure of the model parameters uncertainty. The improvement (10-50\%) is more significant in areas covered by reflections and refractions, while the reflector is again limited to a \~{}2 m range. We are testing this application with real data. {\textcopyright} 2010, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers.},
	isbn = {9781617386671},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78249271372\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Mel{\'e}ndez, A. and De La Puente, J. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Ranero, C. R.}
}
@booklet {Gracia2010a,
	title = {{Characterizing active faults and associated mass transport deposits in the South Iberian Margin (Alboran Sea and Gulf of Cadiz): On-fault and off-fault paleoseismic evidence}},
	journal = {Res{\'u}menes de la 1{\textordfeminine} Reuni{\'o}n Ib{\'e}rica sobre Fallas Activas y Paleosismolog{\'\i}a},
	year = {2010},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {163{\textendash}166},
	abstract = {Gr{\`a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia ... et al.{\textendash} Primera Reuni{\'o}n Ib{\'e}rica sobre Fallas Activas y Paleosismolog{\'\i}a. Sig{\"u}enza (Guadalajara, Espa{\~n}a) 27, 28 y 29 de Octubre de 2010.{\textendash} 4 pages, 1 figure},
	isbn = {isbn: 978-84-693-6088-0},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/82464},
	author = {Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Lo Iacono, Claudio and Moreno, Ximena and Martinez-Loriente, S. and Perea, H and Masana, E and Pall{\`a}s, R and S., Diez and Da{\~n}obeitia, Juan Jos{\'e} and Terrinha, P and Zitellini, N}
}
@article {Nemser,
	title = {{Compilation of parameterized seismogenic sources in Iberia for the SHARE European-scale seismic source model.}},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {201{\textendash}204},
	keywords = {Database, Fault, Seismogenic, SHARE},
	isbn = {978-84-693-6088-0},
	url = {https://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/handle/10174/6247},
	author = {Nemser, E.S. and Garc{\'\i}a-Mayordomo, J. and Cabral, J. and Fonseca, J. and Mart{\'\i}nez-D{\'\i}az, J.J. and Alfaro Garc{\'\i}a, P. and {\`A}lvarez G{\'o}mez, J.A. and Atakan, K. and Aza{\~n}{\'o}n Hern{\'a}ndez, J.M. and Basili, R. and Besana-Ostman, G.M. and Bezzeghoud, M. and Borges, J.F. and Brum da Silveira, A. and Carlos Lopes, F. and Carvalho, J. and Dias, R.P. and Figueiredo, P.M. and Garc{\'\i}a Fern{\'a}ndez, M. and Giner Robles, J. and Gonzalez, A. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Gutierrez, F. and Insua Ar{\'e}valo, J.M. and Jim{\'e}nez, M.J. and Jim{\'e}nez-D{\'\i}az, A. and Lafuente Tom{\'a}s, P. and Lucha, P. and Madeira, J. and Martin Gonz{\'a}lez, F. and Masana, E. and Matias, L. and Moreno, X. and Ortu{\~n}o, M. and Perea, H. and P{\'e}rez L{\'o}pez, R. and Rodr{\'\i}guez Pascua, M.A. and Ruano, P. and Santanach, P. and Sanz de Galdeano, C. and Silva Barroso, P. and Silva, S. and Sim{\'o}n, J.L. and Terrinha, P. and Vilanova, S. and Villamor, P. and Wong, J.}
}
@article {Geissler2010,
	title = {{Focal mechanisms for sub-crustal earthquakes in the Gulf of Cadiz from a dense OBS deployment}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {37},
	number = {18},
	year = {2010},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {An eleven-month deployment of 25 ocean bottom seismometers provides an unprecedented opportunity to study low-magnitude local earthquakes in the complex transpressive plate boundary setting of the Gulf of Cadiz, known for the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami. 36 relocated earthquakes (ML 2.2 to 4.8) concentrate at 40-60 km depth, near the base of the seismogenic layer in \~{}140 Ma old oceanic mantle lithosphere, and roughly align along two perpendicular, NNE-SSW and WNW-ESE striking structures. First motion focal mechanisms indicate compressive stress for the cluster close to the northern Horseshoe fault termination which trends perpendicular to plate convergence. Focal mechanisms for the second cluster near the southern termination of the Horseshoe fault indicate a strike-slip regime, providing evidence for present-day activity of a dextral shear zone proposed to represent the Eurasia-Africa plate contact. We hypothesize that regional tectonics is characterized by slip partitioning. {\textcopyright} 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GL044289},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957722745\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Geissler, W. H. and Matias, L. and Stich, D. and Carrilho, F. and Jokat, W. and Monna, S. and IbenBrahim, A. and Mancilla, F. and Gutscher, M.-A. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Zitellini, N.}
}
@conference {Urgeles2010,
	title = {{History of pore pressure build up and slope instability in mud-dominated sediments of Ursa Basin, Gulf of Mexico continental slope}},
	booktitle = {Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences - 4th International Symposium},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {179{\textendash}190},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	abstract = {The Ursa Basin, at \~{}1, 000 m depth on the Gulf of Mexico continental slope, contains numerous Mass Transport Deposits (MTDs) of Pleistocene to Holocene age. IODP Expedition 308 drilled three sites through several of these MTDs and encompassing sediments. Logs, sedimentological and geotechnical data were collected at these sites and are used in this study for input to basin numerical models. The objective of this investigation was to understand how sedimentation history, margin architecture and sediment properties couple to control pore pressure build-up and slope instability at Ursa. Measurements of porosity and stress state indicate that fluid overpressure is similar at the different sites (in the range of 0.5-0.7) despite elevated differences in sedimentation rates. Modeling results indicate that this results from pore pressure being transferred from regions of higher to lower overburden along an underlying more permeable unit: the Blue Unit. Overpressure started to develop at \~{}53 ka, which induced a significant decrease in FoS from 45ka, especially where overburden is lower. {\textcopyright} Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2010.},
	keywords = {Basin modeling, Pore pressure, Scientific drilling, Slope instability, Submarine landslides},
	isbn = {9789048130702},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79961172106\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Urgeles, R. and Locat, J. and Sawyer, D. E. and Flemings, P. B. and Dugan, B. and Binh, N. T T}
}
@conference {DeLaPuente2010,
	title = {{The potential of discontinuous Galerkin methods for full waveform tomography}},
	booktitle = {72nd European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2010: A New Spring for Geoscience. Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2010},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {4144{\textendash}4148},
	abstract = {We present a discontinuous Galerkin solver for Full Waveform Tomography applications in seismic exploration. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of using unstructured meshes in the model discretization and present a numerical example. {\textcopyright} 2010, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers.},
	isbn = {9781617386671},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78249285605\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {De La Puente, J. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Ranero, C. R.}
}
@article {Biescas2010,
	title = {{Seismic imaging of staircase layers below the Mediterranean Undercurrent}},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {57},
	number = {10},
	year = {2010},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {1345{\textendash}1353},
	abstract = {Seismic images of staircase layers at the bottom of the Mediterranean Undercurrent with a lateral coherence up to 50. km and a horizontal resolution of \~{}10m are presented. The images show clearly the interaction between these staircase layers and other flow structures such as meddies, seamounts and internal waves. The staircase layers were imaged during two different surveys that used different sound sources. Comparison between seismic images and historical oceanographic observations illustrates the importance of using a seismic source adapted to the vertical scale of the oceanographic target to be imaged. Wavelengths larger than the size of the staircase structure distort the image in the vertical. For optimal imaging, deconvolution of the data is required. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {Boundary mixing, Gulf of Cadiz, Meddy, Mediterranean Undercurrent, Seismic oceanography, Thermohaline staircase layers},
	issn = {09670637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.001},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956879722\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Biescas, Berta and Armi, Larry and Sallares, Valenti and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia}
}
@article {Buffett2010,
	title = {{Stochastic heterogeneity mapping around a mediterranean salt lens}},
	journal = {Ocean Science},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {423{\textendash}429},
	abstract = {We present the first application of Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping based on the band-limited von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n function to a seismic reflection stack of a Mediterranean water eddy (meddy), a large salt lens of Mediterranean water. This process extracts two stochastic parameters directly from the reflectivity field of the seismic data: the Hurst number, which ranges from 0 to 1, and the correlation length (scale length). Lower Hurst numbers represent a richer range of high wavenumbers and correspond to a broader range of heterogeneity in reflection events. The Hurst number estimate for the top of the meddy (0.39) compares well with recent theoretical work, which required values between 0.25 and 0.5 to model internal wave surfaces in open ocean conditions based on simulating a Garrett-Munk spectrum (GM76) slope of \&-2. The scale lengths obtained do not fit as well to seismic reflection events as those used in other studies to model internal waves. We suggest two explanations for this discrepancy: (1) due to the fact that the stochastic parameters are derived from the reflectivity field rather than the impedance field the estimated scale lengths may be underestimated, as has been reported; and (2) because the meddy seismic image is a two-dimensional slice of a complex and dynamic three-dimensional object, the derived scale lengths are biased to the direction of flow. Nonetheless, varying stochastic parameters, which correspond to different spectral slopes in the Garrett-Munk spectrum (horizontal wavenumber spectrum), can provide an estimate of different internal wave scales from seismic data alone. We hence introduce Stochastic Heterogeneity Mapping as a novel tool in physical oceanography.},
	issn = {18120784},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77950468840\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Buffett, G. G. and Hurich, C. A. and Vsemirnova, E. A. and Hobbs, R. W. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Carbonell, R. and Klaeschen, D. and Biescas, B.}
}
@conference {Urgeles2013a,
	title = {{Submarine Landslides and Tsunamis}},
	booktitle = {Earth and Planetary Sciences},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {69{\textendash}88},
	keywords = {landslide, landslides, rigid body, subaerial, submarine, Submarine landslide, Submarine landslides, submarine-landslide, submarine-landslides, tsunami, tsunamis, viscous slide},
	isbn = {1402013493},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84898728287\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Yalciner, a C and Pelinovsky, E N and Okal, E and Synolakis, C}
}
@inbook {Mosher2010,
	title = {{Submarine mass movements and their consequences}},
	booktitle = {Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1{\textendash}8},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	isbn = {9789048130702},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84903442067\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Mosher, D. C. and Moscardelli, L. and Shipp, R. C. and Chaytor, J. D. and Baxter, C. D P and Lee, H. J. and Urgeles, R.}
}
@book {Mosher2010a,
	title = {{Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences: 4 rd International Symposium. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research: v. 28}},
	series = {Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences: 4 rd International Symposium},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {786},
	url = {http://scholar.google.es/scholar?q=Advances+in+Natural+and+Technological+Hazards+Research+Moscardelli\&btnG=\&hl=es\&as\_sdt=0\%2C5\#9},
	author = {Mosher, DC and Shipp, RC and Moscardelli, L}
}
@article {Kormann2010,
	title = {{Synthetic modelling of acoustical propagation applied to seismic oceanography experiments}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {37},
	number = {6},
	year = {2010},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {Recent work shows that multichannel seismic (MCS) systems provide detailed information on the oceans{\textquoteright} finestructure. The aim of this paper is to analyze if high order numerical algorithms are suitable to accurately model the extremely weak wavefield scattered by the oceans{\textquoteright} finestructures. For this purpose, we generate synthetic shot records along a coincident seismic and oceanographic profile acquired across a Mediterranean salt lens in the Gulf of Cadiz. We apply a 2D finite-difference time-domain propagation model, together with second-order Complex Frequency Shifted Perfectly Matched Layers at the numerical boundaries, using as reference a realistic sound speed map with the lateral resolution of the seismic data. We show that our numerical propagator creates an acoustical image of the ocean finestructures including the salt lens that reproduces with outstanding detail the real acquired one. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GL041763},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77949835265\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Kormann, Jean and Cobo, Pedro and Biescas, Berta and Sallares, Valenti and Papenberg, Cord and Recuero, Manuel and Carbonell, Ram{\'o}n}
}
@article {Harris2010,
	title = {{Thermal regime of the Costa Rican convergent margin: 2. Thermal models of the shallow Middle America subduction zone offshore Costa Rica}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {11},
	number = {12},
	year = {2010},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {At the Costa Rica margin along the Middle America Trench along-strike variations in heat flow are well mapped. These variations can be understood in terms of either ventilated fluid flow, where exposed basement allows fluids to freely advect heat between the crustal aquifer and ocean, or insulated fluid flow where continuous sediment cover restricts heat advection to within the crustal aquifer. We model fluid flow within the subducting aquifer using Nusselt number approximations coupled with finite element models of subduction and explore its effect on temperatures along the subduction thrust. The sensitivity of these models to the initial thermal state of the plate and styles of fluid flow, either ventilated or insulated, is explored. Heat flow measurements on cool crust accreted at the East Pacific Rise are consistent with ventilated hydrothermal cooling that continues with subduction. These models yield much cooler temperatures than predicted from simulations initialized with conductive predictions and without hydrothermal circulation. Heat flow transects on warm crust accreted at the Cocos-Nazca spreading center are consistent with models of insulated hydrothermal circulation that advects heat updip within the subducting crustal aquifer. Near the trench these models are warmer than conductive predictions and cooler than conductive predictions downdip of the trench. Comparisons between microseismicity and modeled isotherms suggest that the updip limit of microseismicity occurs at temperatures warmer than 100{\textdegree}C and that the downdip extent of microseismicity is bounded by the intersection of the subduction thrust with the base of the overriding crust. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	keywords = {fluid flow, subduction zones, thermal model},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GC003273},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650528793\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Harris, Robert N. and Spinelli, Glenn and Ranero, Cesar R. and Grevemeyer, Ingo and Villinger, Heinrich and Barckhausen, Udo}
}
@article {TRIGO-RODRIGUEZ2009,
	title = {{The Cali meteorite fall: A new H/L ordinary chondrite}},
	journal = {Meteoritics \& Planetary Science},
	volume = {44},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {211{\textendash}220},
	abstract = {The fall of the Cali meteorite took place on 6 July 2007 at 16 h 32 {\textpm} 1 min local time (21 h 32 {\textpm} 1 min UTC). A daylight fireball was witnessed by hundreds of people in the Cauca Valley in Colombia from which 10 meteorite samples with a total mass of 478 g were recovered near 3{\textdegree}24.3{\textquoteright}N, 76{\textdegree}30.6{\textquoteright}W. The fireball trajectory and radiant have been reconstructed with moderate accuracy. From the computed radiant and from considering various plausible velocities, we obtained a range of orbital solutions that suggest that the Cali progenitor meteoroid probably originated in the main asteroid belt. Based on petrography, mineral chemistry, magnetic susceptibility, fhermoluminescence, and bulk chemistry, the Cali meteorite is classified as an H/L4 ordinary chondrite breccia.},
	issn = {10869379},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.tb00729.x},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-65949113395\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {TRIGO-RODR{\'I}GUEZ, Josep M. and LLORCA, Jordi and RUBIN, Alan E. and GROSSMAN, Jeffrey N. and SEARS, Derek W. G. and NARANJO, Mateo and BRETZIUS, Stacy and TAPIA, Mar and SEP{\'U}LVEDA, Marino H. GUAR{\'I}N}
}
@article {Hobbs2009,
	title = {{Effect of seismic source bandwidth on reflection sections to image water structure}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {36},
	number = {21},
	year = {2009},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {L00D08},
	abstract = {The seismic reflection profile is the convolution of the seismic acquisition impulse response and the target impedance contrasts. In the ocean, these contrasts are mainly determined by the widths and gradients of the temperature transitions between the different water masses. Hence seismic oceanography profiles are sensitive to the frequency bandwidth of the seismic acquisition system. We tested a novel seismic source that allowed us to simultaneously profile the ocean with differing impulse responses. We show that frequencies \~{}20 Hz are best to delineate large impedance contrasts that occur over a vertical scale of several tens of meters whereas frequencies \~{}80 Hz image the boundaries of layers of around 10 m. We demonstrate a towed acquisition system that can operate from a research vessel to give a bandwidth from 10 to 120 Hz that could, if required, be modified to provide frequencies up to 200 Hz. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GL040215},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-72049094260\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Hobbs, R. W. and Klaeschen, D. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Vsemirnova, E. and Papenberg, C.}
}
@article {Yang2009,
	title = {{Geotechnical Properties of River-fed Sediments Compared with Glacier-fed Sediments}},
	journal = {Marine Georesources \& Geotechnology},
	volume = {27},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {281{\textendash}295},
	abstract = {This paper discusses the influence of sedimentary environment and geological setting on geotechnical and physical properties of resulting sedimentary deposits. For this study, two different geological settings were considered, one is a river-fed and the other is a glacier-fed sedimentary environment. For both sedimentary environments, various geotechnical properties were considered and compared. These include plasticity, activity, compressibility, undrained shear strength and sensitivity. Results indicate that physical and geotechnical properties of sediments deposited in these two settings are significantly different. These differences are then interpreted in terms of the various mechanisms involved in submarine slope failure initiation in river-fed versus glacier-fed sedimentary environments. {\textcopyright} Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
	keywords = {Activity, Compressibility, Plasticity, Sedimentary environment, Sensitivity, Shear strength, Submarine landslides},
	issn = {1064-119X},
	doi = {10.1080/10641190903025214},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70449408082\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Yang, S. L. and Solheim, A. and Forsberg, C. F. and Kvalstad, T. and Feng, X. L. and Li, A. L. and Urgeles, R.}
}
@article {Buske2009,
	title = {{Imaging and inversion {\textemdash} Introduction}},
	journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
	volume = {74},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {WCA1{\textendash}WCA4},
	issn = {0016-8033},
	doi = {10.1190/1.3256872},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84861190134\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Buske, Stefan and Lecomte, Isabelle and Nemeth, Tamas and Operto, St{\'e}phane and Sallares, Valenti}
}
@article {Kormann2009,
	title = {{Modelling Seismic Oceanography Experiments by Using First- and Second-Order Complex Frequency Shifted Perfectly Matched Layers}},
	journal = {Acta Acustica united with Acustica},
	volume = {95},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1104{\textendash}1111},
	abstract = {This work investigates the ability of modelling seismic oceanography experiments by using underwater acoustic propagation equations. Seismic oceanography tries to retrieve the fine structure of the ocean water masses by processing the acoustic waves reflected in the low-contrast interfaces of fronts, eddies, internal waves or thermohaline intrusions. Since the reflectivity of such interfaces is of order 10-3-10-4, the absorption capability of the numerical boundaries becomes crucial. Complex Frequency Shifted offers a better alternative to classical Perfectly Matched Layer formulation, but has not yet been extended to acoustic equations. Here, first- and second-order Complex Frequency Shifted Perfectly Matched Layers equations are proposed which can provide reflection coefficients of order 10-5. Therefore, a numerical Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) scheme combined with the proposed CFS-PML equations is able to model such experiments. {\textcopyright} S. Hirzel Verlag {\textperiodcentered} EAA.},
	issn = {16101928},
	doi = {10.3813/AAA.918242},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77149123321\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Kormann, Jean and Cobo, Pedro and Recuero, Manuel and Biescas, Berta and Sallares, Valenti}
}
@article {Palomeras2009,
	title = {{Nature of the lithosphere across the Variscan orogen of SW Iberia: Dense wide-angle seismic reflection data}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {114},
	number = {B2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {B02302},
	abstract = {Two wide-angle seismic transects have been acquired across the SW Iberian Massif. They crossed three major geological zones (South Portuguese Zone, Ossa-Morena Zone, and Central Iberian Zone), with their tectonic contacts and the Pyrite Belt being of greatest interest. A total of 690 digital seismic recording instruments (650 Texans and 40 Reftek 3 component units) from the IRIS-PASSCAL Instrument Pool were used. The transects (A and B) are each approximately 300 km long and consist of 3 and 6 shot points, respectively, with an approximately 60-km shot point interval. The charge sizes range from 1000 kg at the edges to 500 kg at the center. These recently acquired experiments were designed to provide velocity constraints on the lithosphere and to complement the previously acquired normal incidence seismic profile IBERSEIS. Both data sets are part of the SW Iberia project, which was developed within the EUROPROBE program and designed to address fundamental questions about the nature and dynamics of the Variscan lithosphere. The acquisition parameters provide closely spaced wide-angle seismic images of the lithosphere beneath SW Iberia. In transect A, the station spacing was on average 400 m, while along transect B, the receiver spacing was approximately 150 m. Because of this close trace spacing, the lateral continuity of the seismic arrivals is greatly improved. Frequency analysis revealed that the recorded events feature relatively low frequencies (6-25 Hz). After processing, the shot records show high-amplitude and well-defined arrivals. The interpreted PmP arrival, located at approximately 11 s (normal incidence traveltime), is characterized by high amplitude and relatively low frequency (6-12 Hz). A well-defined Pn arrival appears at offsets beyond 120 km. At far offsets greater than 180 km, an upper mantle reflection is observed. Furthermore, within the upper crust, the shots records feature a relatively high-velocity arrival, located at 4-5-s normal incidence traveltime. The analysis of this arrival indicates that it probably corresponds to the top of the Iberian Reflective Body identified in the IBERSEIS deep seismic profile. The velocity models obtained by forward modeling show a complex crust, especially in the middle crust. The velocity models are the most detailed ones that have been produced in the area and contain a large amount of new features that are relevant to the understanding of the composition of the crust and upper mantle beneath the zone. The velocity depth functions derived from the velocity models have higher middle crustal velocities than the average in other continental areas. A comparison between laboratory seismic velocity measurements and the velocities of the models was carried out in order to estimate the crustal and the upper mantle composition. Results indicate that the high middle crust velocities correspond to rocks of a mafic composition. The combined data set reveals new aspects related to the lithospheric evolution of this transpressive orogen and allows us to attempt an interpretative cross section of the upper lithosphere in SW Iberia. {\textcopyright} 2009.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2007JB005050},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-66149180585\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Palomeras, I. and Carbonell, R. and Flecha, I. and Simancas, F. and Ayarza, P. and Matas, J. and Mart{\'\i}nez Poyatos, D. and Azor, A. and Gonz{\'a}lez Lodeiro, F. and P{\'e}rez-Esta{\'u}n, A.}
}
@article {Pham2009,
	title = {{Observations and Modeling of Rotational Signals in the P Coda: Constraints on Crustal Scattering}},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {99},
	number = {2B},
	year = {2009},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1315{\textendash}1332},
	abstract = {In addition to three classical components (vertical, north-south, and east-west) of ground translations recorded by a broadband seismometer, a component of earthquake induced rotational ground motions around the vertical axis is consistently measured by a ring laser sensor located in Wettzell, southeast Germany. Significant rotations around the vertical axis in the P coda of teleseismic signals are either directly visible or can be inferred through the investigation of cross correlation between the transverse component (the component that is perpendicular to the great circle connecting the earthquake and the seismometer) of translation acceleration and ring laser rotation rate. Theoretically, in spherically symmetric isotropic media, we should not observe rotational signals around the vertical axis before the onset of SH waves. Possible causes for the observed rotations in the P coda are: (1) tilt-ring laser coupling, (2) anisotropy, (3) topographic scattering, and (4) P-SH scattering in the crust. Here we show that P-SH scattering in the 3D random crust can explain the observations and allow us to constrain crustal scattering properties.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120080101},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67649949683\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Pham, N. D. and Igel, H. and Wassermann, J. and Kaser, M. and De La Puente, J. and Schreiber, U.}
}
@article {Sallares2009,
	title = {{Relative contribution of temperature and salinity to ocean acoustic reflectivity}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {36},
	number = {20},
	year = {2009},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {L00D06},
	abstract = {Marine seismic data display laterally coherent reflectivity from the water column that is attributed to fine-scale oceanic layering. The amplitude of the different reflections is the expression of acoustic impedance contrasts. between neighbouring water masses, and therefore water reflectivity maps the ocean{\textquoteright}s vertical sound speed and density (i.e., temperature and salinity) variations. Here we determine the relative contribution of each parameter by computing the temperature and salinity partial derivatives of sound speed and density, and using them to estimate reflection coefficients from a real oceanographic dataset. The results show that the mean contribution of density variations is 5-10\%, while 90-95\% is due to sound speed variations. On average, 80\% of reflectivity comes from temperature contrasts. Salinity contribution averages 20\%, but it is highly variable and reaches up to 40\% in regions prone to diffusive convection such as the top of the Mediterranean Undercurrent in the Gulf of Cadiz. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GL040187},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-72149084920\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Biescas, B. and Buffett, G. and Carbonell, R. and Danobeitia, J. J. and Pelegr{\'\i}, J. L.}
}
@article {Flecha2009,
	title = {{Seismic imaging and modelling of the lithosphere of SW-Iberia}},
	journal = {Tectonophysics},
	volume = {472},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {148{\textendash}157},
	abstract = {Data from a closely spaced wide-angle transect has been used to study the middle-to-lower crust and the Moho in SW-Iberia. A low-fold wide-angle stack image reveals a highly heterogeneous seismic signature at lower-crustal levels changing laterally along the profile. The lower crust features an irregular distribution of the reflectivity that can be explained by a heterogeneous distribution of physical properties. The Moho discontinuity also features a high variability in its seismic character that correlates with the different tectonic terranes in the area. A 2D finite difference code was used for solving the elastic wave equation and to provide synthetic wide-angle shots. Relatively simple layer cake model derived from conventional refraction interpretation generates the main events of the shot records. However, these models cannot account for the lateral variability of the seismic signature. In order to obtain more realistic simulations, the velocity model was modified introducing stochastic lensing at different levels within the crust. The Moho was modelled as a 3~km thick layered structure. The resulting average velocity models include a high velocity layer at mid-crustal depth, a highly reflective lower crust and a relatively thin horizontal Moho. This heterogeneous model can be achieved by lensing within the crust, a layered mafic intrusion and a strongly laminated lower crust and Moho. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Crustal heterogeneities, Mafic intrusions, Wide-angle stack},
	issn = {00401951},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2008.05.033},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67349173557\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Flecha, I. and Palomeras, I. and Carbonell, R. and Simancas, F. and Ayarza, P. and Matas, J. and Gonz{\'a}lez-Lodeiro, F. and P{\'e}rez-Esta{\'u}n, A.}
}
@article {Buffett2009,
	title = {{Seismic reflection along the path of the Mediterranean Undercurrent}},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {29},
	number = {15},
	year = {2009},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {1848{\textendash}1860},
	abstract = {Seismic reflection profiling is applied to the study of large scale physical oceanographic processes in the Gulf of C{\'a}diz and western Iberian coast, coinciding with the path of the Mediterranean Undercurrent. The multi-channel seismic reflection method provides clear images of thermohaline fine structure with a horizontal resolution approximately two orders of magnitude higher than CTD casting. The seismic data are compared with co-located historical oceanographic data. Three seismic reflectivity zones are identified: North Atlantic Central Water, Mediterranean Water and North Atlantic Deep Water. Seismic evidence for the path of the Mediterranean Undercurrent is found in the near-slope reflectivity patterns, with rising reflectors between about 500 and 1500 m. However, the core of the undercurrent is largely transparent. Seismic images show that central and, particularly, intermediate Mediterranean Waters have fine structure coherent over horizontal distances of several tens of kilometers. However, the intensity of the reflectors, and their horizontal coherence, decreases downstream. This change in seismic reflectivity is probably the result of diminished vertical thermohaline contrasts between adjacent water masses, so that double-diffusion processes become unable to sustain temperature and salinity staircases. Comparison of root-mean-square seismic amplitudes with temperature and salinity differences between the Mediterranean Undercurrent and the overlying central waters suggests a causal relationship between observed thermohaline fine structure and true seismic amplitudes. We estimate that, within this intermediate water stratum, impedance contrasts are mainly controlled by sound speed contrasts (a factor between 3.5 and 10 times larger than density contrasts), which are mainly controlled by temperature contrasts (a factor between 1.5 and 5 times larger than salinity contrasts). {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Amplitude, Entrainment, Mediterranean Undercurrent, Mixing, Salinity, Seismic oceanography, Temperature, thermohaline fine structure},
	issn = {02784343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2009.05.017},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-69249209739\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Buffett, G.G. and Biescas, B. and Pelegr{\'\i}, J.L. and Mach{\'\i}n, F. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Carbonell, R. and Klaeschen, D. and Hobbs, R.}
}
@conference {Monteys2009,
	title = {{Shallow geophysical characterization and fluid flow processes in two large pockmarks on the Malin Shelf, NW Ireland}},
	booktitle = {Near Surface 2009 - 15th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics},
	year = {2009},
	publisher = {European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE},
	organization = {European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE},
	abstract = {Shallow geophysical datasets and ground-truthing have been used in this research to characterize in detail two large gas related depressions in a recently discovered pockmark field on the Malin Shelf, northwest Ireland. Pockmarks are aligned to the main deep fault of the region, the SW-NE Skerryvore Fault. High resolution multibeam bathymetry and backscatter reveal the surface morphology of these seabed features to the meter scale. They appear as subcircular depressions and present several units within a generally smooth seabed. Shallow seismic and single-beam echosounder records reveal evidence of gas related activity within the subsurface strata. Electromagnetic results present a number of anomalies in conductivity associated with inhomogenities in the upper strata. These anomalies consist in a decrease in conductivity and in general, correlate well with acoustic anomalies.},
	isbn = {9073781728},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84912149526\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Monteys, X. and Garcia, X. and Evans, R. and Szpak, M. and Kelleher, B. and Hardy, D.}
}
@article {Stupazzini2009,
	title = {{Study of Rotational Ground Motion in the Near-Field Region}},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {99},
	number = {2B},
	year = {2009},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1271{\textendash}1286},
	abstract = {During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries observational seismologists recorded primarily the earthquake-induced translational wave field, while the rotational motion still remains poorly observed and investigated. We aim to further understand the rotational ground motion and its relation to the translational wave field, with a special emphasis on the near field, a few wavelengths away from the hypocenter, where damage related to rotational motion might need to be considered. A broad picture of the available values of rotational amplitudes and their variability is obtained by gathering most of the published data on strong rotational motion. To obtain a more detailed picture we perform a large scale 3D numerical study of a strike-slip event in the Grenoble valley where a combination of topographic, source, and site effects produces a realistic wave field. We analyzed the synthetic dataset in terms of the rotational and translational peak amplitudes and their dependence on two effects: nonlinear soil behavior and source directivity. On a soft soil deposit, we observe peak ground rotation of 1 mrad and the peak ground rotation rate of 10 mrad/sec, for an Mw 6.0 event. Those values show a strong dependence on the hypocenter location, the local site conditions, and the topographical features, inducing a variability of almost one order of magnitude in a range of distances of 20 km. Finally, we compare our numerical results in terms of peak ground velocity (PGV) versus peak ground rotation (PG${\o}mega$) with field data obtained at similar scenarios (e.g., Parkfield) by array techniques to investigate the relation between translational and rotational amplitudes expected in the near field for shallow, medium-sized earthquakes. Results of our numerical simulation fit reasonably well with those observed in past studies. Furthermore, the spatial variations of the PGV/PG${\o}mega$ ratio show a trend, which is correlated with the velocity structure of the model under study.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120080153},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67649962349\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Stupazzini, M. and De La Puente, J. and Smerzini, C. and Kaser, M. and Igel, H. and Castellani, A.}
}
@book {VonHuene2009a,
	title = {{Subduction Zone Geodynamics}},
	series = {Frontiers in Earth Sciences},
	year = {2009},
	month = {oct},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	abstract = {21 pages, 8 figures, 1 table},
	keywords = {Accretion, Convergent margins, Subduction erosion},
	isbn = {978-3-540-87971-8},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-87974-9},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/83778 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/83778},
	author = {von Huene, Roland and Ranero, Cesar R. and Scholl, Dave W.},
	editor = {Lallemand, Serge and Funiciello, Francesca}
}
@article {Simancas2009,
	title = {{Tectonic relationships of Southwest Iberia with the allochthons of Northwest Iberia and the Moroccan Variscides}},
	journal = {Comptes Rendus Geoscience},
	volume = {341},
	number = {2-3},
	year = {2009},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {103{\textendash}113},
	abstract = {The Iberian Massif poses a problem of relationships between its northwestern and southern parts. Suture terranes (ophiolites and high-pressure rocks) crop out in NW Iberia but only as allochthonous units, unconnected from their root zone. Sutures cropping out in SW Iberia are discussed in order to relate them to the unknown root of the NW Iberia allochthons. On the other hand, the Moroccan Variscides are very briefly presented with a view to propose their correlation with the Iberian zones. Particularly important is the transition from the Variscides to the Paleoproterozoic basement in Morocco, which is a key argument for palaeogeographic reconstructions. {\textcopyright} 2008 Acad{\'e}mie des sciences.},
	keywords = {Correlations, Iberia, Morocco, Sutures, Variscan orogen},
	issn = {16310713},
	doi = {10.1016/j.crte.2008.11.003},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-63049089339\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Simancas, Jos{\'e} Fernando and Azor, Antonio and Mart{\'\i}nez-Poyatos, David and Tahiri, Abdelfatah and El Hadi, Hassan and Gonz{\'a}lez-Lodeiro, Francisco and P{\'e}rez-Esta{\'u}n, Andr{\'e}s and Carbonell, Ram{\'o}n}
}
@article {MonteiroSantos2009,
	title = {{Using tensorial electrical resistivity survey to locate fault systems}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysics and Engineering},
	volume = {6},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {390{\textendash}400},
	abstract = {This paper deals with the use of the tensorial resistivity method for fault orientation and macroanisotropy characterization. The rotational properties of the apparent resistivity tensor are presented using 3D synthetic models representing structures with a dominant direction of low resistivity and vertical discontinuities. It is demonstrated that polar diagrams of the elements of the tensor are effective in delineating those structures. As the apparent resistivity tensor shows great inefficacy in investigating the depth of the structures, it is advised to accomplish tensorial surveys with the application of other geophysical methods. An experimental example, including tensorial, dipole-dipole and time domain surveys, is presented to illustrate the potentiality of the method. The dipole-dipole model shows high-resistivity contrasts which were interpreted as corresponding to faults crossing the area. The results from the time domain electromagnetic (TEM) sounding show high-resistivity values till depths of 40-60 m at the north part of the area. In the southern part of the survey area the soundings show an upper layer with low-resistivity values (around 30 ${\O}mega$ m) followed by a more resistive bedrock (resistivity >100 ${\O}mega$ m) at a depth ranging from 15 to 30 m. The soundings in the central part of the survey area show more variability. A thin conductive overburden is followed by a more resistive layer with resistivity in the range of 80-1800 ${\O}mega$ m. The north and south limits of the central part of the area as revealed by TEM survey are roughly E-W oriented and coincident with the north fault scarp and the southernmost fault detected by the dipole-dipole survey. The pattern of the polar diagrams calculated from tensorial resistivity data clearly indicates the presence of a contact between two blocks at south of the survey area with the low-resistivity block located southwards. The presence of other two faults is not so clear from the polar diagram patterns, but their location can be afforded combining tensorial, dipole-dipole and TEM results. {\textcopyright} 2009 Nanjing Institute of Geophysical Prospecting.},
	keywords = {3D modelling, Fracturation, Macroanisotropy, Tensorial resistivity},
	issn = {1742-2132},
	doi = {10.1088/1742-2132/6/4/007},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-72449138142\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Monteiro Santos, Fernando A and Perea, Hector and Massoud, Usama and Plancha, Jo{\~a}o P and Marques, Jorge and Cabral, Jo{\~a}o}
}
@booklet {Martinez-Loriente2009,
	title = {{Wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic profile from the outer part of the gulf of Cadiz: nearest-seis cruise}},
	journal = {Instrumentation ViewPoint},
	number = {8},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {49},
	publisher = {Universitat Polit{\`e}cnica de Catalunya},
	abstract = {We will explain the first interpretations from a marine refraction and wideangle reflection seismic profile acquired in the outer part of the Gulf of Cadiz in November 2008, in the framework of the NEAREST-SEIS cruise},
	keywords = {Tecnolog{\'\i}a industrial. Tecnolog{\'\i}a mec{\'a}nica, Tecnolog{\'\i}as},
	issn = {1886-4864},
	url = {http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3202467\&info=resumen\&idioma=ENG},
	author = {Mart{\'\i}nez-Loriente, Sara and Sallares, Valenti and Bartolom{\'e}, Rafael and Gr{\`a}cia i Mont, Eulalia}
}
@article {Vazquez2008,
	title = {{Cenozoic deformational structures on the Galicia Bank Region (NW Iberian continental margin)}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {249},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {128{\textendash}149},
	abstract = {An analysis of Cenozoic tectonics was carried out on the Galicia Bank Region by means of 750~km of single-channel and 155~km of multi-channel vertical seismic profiles and multibeam bathymetry. This work forms part of a general study aimed at determining the geological risk in the wreck area of the Prestige oil tanker. Several structures affecting the post-rift sedimentary units were identified: I) Faults inherited from the Lower Cretaceous propagating rift (reactivated and non-reactivated), including reactivated normal (N-S, NW-SE) and transfer (NE-SW) faults; and II) Structures resulting from compressive episodes in the Paleogene to Upper Miocene and the Upper Miocene to the Present, including a) neotectonic normal faults decoupled from the basement structure, b) folds and flexures and c) reverse faults (NE-SW to ENE-SWS) related to the Bay of Biscay subduction, that are the most striking regional structures. The characterization of structural style, sedimentary post-rift unit deformation and morphological trends were used to carry out a detailed study of the morphostructure of the Galicia Bank Region. Six morphostructural provinces were differentiated, from E to W: 1) the Galicia Interior Basin related to a main graben; 2) the Transitional Zone, which is a horst and graben territory; 3) the Galicia Bank Main Horst; 4) the Half-Graben Domain; 5) the Deep Galicia Margin, whose structure shows rotated blocks; and 6) the Northwestern Flank, characterized by reverse faults. The Transitional Zone and the Galicia Bank provinces are assumed to be the two morphostructural provinces of the Galicia Bank marginal platform. The origin of the Cenozoic deformation must have been related to reactivation processes during the Pyrenean orogeny. We propose that the fault pattern observed in the study area is related to the phase of renewed Mesozoic fault activity. Polyphase extension in the rifting stage and Cenozoic movements have produced an extensional interference pattern that is evident in the physiography. The decouplage between basement tectonics and upper sedimentary unit tectonics suggests the presence of a viscous layer. A thrust-related main antiform related to the Bay of Biscay subduction is proposed to explain the origin of the Galicia Bank morphology. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Cenozoic, fault reactivation, Galicia Bank, morphostructure, physiography, tectonics},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2007.09.014},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-39549103245\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {V{\'a}zquez, J.T. and Medialdea, T. and Ercilla, G. and Somoza, L. and Estrada, F. and Fern{\'a}ndez Puga, M.C. and Gallart, J. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Maestro, A. and Sayago, M.}
}
@conference {Shariat-Panahi2008,
	title = {{Design, Characterization and Calibration of a Short-Period Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS)}},
	booktitle = {2008 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference},
	year = {2008},
	month = {may},
	pages = {495{\textendash}500},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {First part of this paper presents an Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) designed and constructed for mid-term deployments in order to study the earth dynamics and internal structure. Many marine research institutes have developed such equipment, however there is no standard method for their characterization and calibration. The second part discusses the characterization tests based on the international standards carried out to present the specifications of the equipment built. Calibration of the constructed OBS is carried out through an oceanographic cruise using a widely used reference OBS. Data quality of the instruments is evaluated by direct inspection of the corresponding seismic record sections. {\textcopyright}2008 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Analog-to-digital converter, Calibration, Datalogger, Dynamic range, Effective number of bits, Geophone, Jitter, Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS), Seismic record section, Time base},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-1540-3},
	issn = {10915281},
	doi = {10.1109/IMTC.2008.4547086},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-51349130474\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Shariat-Panahi, S. and M{\`a}nuel, A. and Alegria, F. and Roset, X. and Bermudez, A. and Sallar{\`e}s, V.}
}
@article {Sahling2008,
	title = {{Fluid seepage at the continental margin offshore Costa Rica and southern Nicaragua}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {may},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {A systematic search for methane-rich fluid seeps at the seafloor was conducted at the Pacific continental margin offshore southern Nicaragua and northern central Costa Rica, a convergent margin characterized by subduction erosion. More than 100 fluid seeps were discovered using a combination of multibeam bathymetry, side-scan sonar imagery, TV-sled observations, and sampling. This corresponds, on average, to a seep site every 4 km along the continental slope. In the northwestern part of the study area, subduction of oceanic crust formed at the East Pacific Rise is characterized by pervasive bending-induced faulting of the oceanic plate and a relatively uniform morphology of the overriding continental margin. Seepage at this part of the margin typically occurs at approximately cone-shaped mounds 50 - 100 m high and up to 1 km wide at the base. Over 60 such mounds were identified on the 240 km long margin segment. Some normal faults also host localized seepage. In contrast, in the southeast, the 220 km long margin segment overriding the oceanic crust formed at the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Centre has a comparatively more irregular morphology caused mainly by the subduction of ridges and seamounts sitting on the oceanic plate. Over 40 seeps were located on this part of the margin. This margin segment with irregular morphology exhibits diverse seep structures. Seeps are related to landslide scars, seamountsubduction related fractures, mounds, and faults. Several backscatter anomalies in side-scan images are without apparent relief and are probably related to carbonate precipitation. Detected fluid seeps are not evenly distributed across the margin but occur in a roughly margin parallel band centered 28 {\textpm} 7 km landward of the trench. This distribution suggests that seeps are possibly fed to fluids rising from the plate boundary along deep-penetrating faults through the upper plate. Copyrignt 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	keywords = {Authigenic carbonate, Chemosynthetic community, Subduction erosion},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008GC001978},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70350099584\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Sahling, Heiko and Masson, Douglas G. and Ranero, Cesar R. and H{\"u}hnerbach, Veit and Weinrebe, Wilhelm and Klaucke, Ingo and B{\"u}rk, Dietmar and Br{\"u}ckmann, Warner and Suess, Erwin}
}
@article {Ranero2008,
	title = {{Hydrogeological system of erosional convergent margins and its influence on tectonics and interplate seismogenesis}},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {Fluid distribution in convergent margins is by most accounts closely related to tectonics. This association has been widely studied at accretionary prisms, but at half of the Earth{\textquoteright}s convergent margins, tectonic erosion grinds down overriding plates, and here fluid distribution and its relation to tectonics remain speculative. Here we present a new conceptual model for the hydrological system of erosional convergent margins. The model is based largely on new data and recently published observations from along the Middle America Trench offshore Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and it is consistent with observations from other erosional margins. The observations indicate that erosional margins possess previously unrecognized distinct hydrogeological systems: Most fluid contained in the sediment pores and liberated by early dehydration reactions drains from the plate boundary through a fractured upper plate to seep at the seafloor across the slope, rather than migrating along the d{\'e}collement toward the deformation front as described for accretionary prisms. The observations indicate that the relative fluid abundance across the plate-boundary fault zone and fluid migration influence long-term tectonics and the transition from aseismic to seismogenic behavior. The segment of the plate boundary where fluid appears to be more abundant corresponds to the locus of long-term tectonic erosion, where tectonic thinning of the overriding plate causes subsidence and the formation of the continental slope. This correspondence between observations indicates that tectonic erosion is possibly linked to the migration of overpressured fluids into the overriding plate. The presence of overpressured fluids at the plate boundary is compatible with the highest flow rates estimated at slope seeps. The change from aseismic to seismogenic behavior along the plate boundary of the erosional margin begins where the amount of fluid at the fault declines with depth, indicating a control on interplate earthquakes. A previously described similar observation along accreting plate boundaries strongly indicates that fluid abundance exerts a first-order control on interplate seismogenesis at all types of subduction zones. We hypothesize that fluid depletion with depth increases grain-to-grain contact, increasing effective stress on the fault, and modifies fault zone architecture from a thick fault zone to a narrower zone of localized slip. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	keywords = {fluid flow, Seismogenesis, subduction zones, Tectonic erosion},
	issn = {15252027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GC001679},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67349265252\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Ranero, C. R. and Grevemeyer, I. and Sahling, H. and Barckhausen, U. and Hensen, C. and Wallmann, K. and Weinrebe, W. and Vannucchi, P. and von Huene, R. and McIntosh, K.}
}
@article {Biescas2008,
	title = {{Imaging meddy finestructure using multichannel seismic reflection data}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {35},
	number = {11},
	year = {2008},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {L11609},
	abstract = {This work illustrates the great potential of multichannel seismic reflection data to extract information from the finestructure of meddies with exceptional lateral resolution (10-15 m). We present seismic images of three meddies acquired in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberian Peninsula), which consist of concentric reflectors forming oval shapes that sharply contrast with the background oceanic structure. The seismic images reveal the presence of different regions within the meddies that are consistent with those observed in historical temperature (T) and salinity (S) data. The core region, characterized by smooth T and S variations, is weakly reflective. The double-diffusive upper and lower boundaries and the lateral-interleaving outer edges, characterized by stronger T and S contrasts, display strong reflectivity bands. These new observations clearly show differences between layers developed at the upper and lower boundaries that can contribute to th knowledge of mixing processes and layering formation in oceans. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2008GL033971},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-49849096389\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Biescas, B. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Pelegr{\'\i}, J. L. and Mach{\'\i}n, F. and Carbonell, R. and Buffett, G. and Danobeitia, J. J. and Calahorrano, A.}
}
@article {Panahi2008,
	title = {{A Low-Power Datalogger Based on CompactFlash Memory for Ocean Bottom Seismometers}},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement},
	volume = {57},
	number = {10},
	year = {2008},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2297{\textendash}2303},
	abstract = {In the last decade, marine scientific instruments have been in high demand, particularly autonomous instruments that are capable of staying under water for a long time while performing continuous data acquisition and storage. This paper introduces an instrument under development that is used for the study of ocean bottom sublayers and microseismic detection. The power consumption of the equipment has been minimized to increase autonomy, and CompactFlash memory cards have been used as the storage element. Development of such equipment is a joint effort between different disciplines, such as electronics, mechanics, geophysics, underwater communications, etc. The acquisition system was tested both in the laboratory and under real environmental conditions in the summer of 2005, and the results have been evaluated. {\textcopyright} 2008 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, CompactFlash memory, Datalogger, Effective number of bits (ENOB), Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS), Power consumption, Time base},
	issn = {0018-9456},
	doi = {10.1109/TIM.2008.919005},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-52649175960\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Panahi, S.S. and Ventosa, S. and Cadena, J. and Manuel-Lazaro, A. and Bermudez, A. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Piera, J.}
}
@article {Rodriguez2008,
	title = {{A new multi-platform modular software tool for wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic data processing and representation (WASPAR)}},
	journal = {Computers \& Geosciences},
	volume = {34},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {456{\textendash}463},
	abstract = {WASPAR (Wide-Angle reflection-refraction Seismic data Processing And Representation) is a new free multi-platform software tool to process and display wide-angle seismic data. It has been designed to read different raw data formats, construct record sections, process them using existing and newly developed algorithms, pick seismic phases and generate graphic files using a single, user-friendly interface. The main characteristics of WASPAR are its flexibility and expandability. It has been designed in a modular way using a plug-in architecture to manage raw data access and processing functionalities. We thus obtain a stable base easily maintainable and expandable. We have chosen the C ++ programming language in combination with an object oriented methodology to facilitate the development of a multi-platform software tool, which is already available on Linux and MS Windows. In order to allow its expansion and upgrade, the program will be freely distributed under the terms of GPL license. The philosophy of this software tool is to leave it open to external contributions. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Object oriented programming, Plug-in, Signal processing, Software, wide-angle seismics},
	issn = {00983004},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cageo.2007.04.011},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-39149086998\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Rodr{\'\i}guez, I. and Simon, C. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Carlosena, A. and M{\`a}nuel, A. and Da{\~n}obeitia, J.J.}
}
@article {CALAHORRANOB2008,
	title = {{Nonlinear variations of the physical properties along the southern Ecuador subduction channel: Results from depth-migrated seismic data}},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {267},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {453{\textendash}467},
	abstract = {We use two high-quality pre-stack depth-migrated multichannel seismic profiles acquired to quantify physical properties variations of underthrust sediments along the first \~{} 30~km of subduction off the erosional southern Ecuadorian margin. Seismic data show three zones along the subduction channel (referred to as Zones I, II and III) characterized by distinct velocity and velocity-derived physical properties, which are in agreement with values estimated from experimental results of deformation in granular media. These three zones result from transformational changes of underthrust sediments governed by fundamentally different physical processes that control their mechanical behavior at increasing confining pressures. Based on our observations and its comparison with experimental results, we argue that the transformations undergone by underthrust sediments as they dip into the subduction zone are the following: within Zone I, progressively increasing velocity (and decreasing velocity-derived porosity) indicates continuous sediment compaction, which must be accompanied by effective fluid drainage along the d{\'e}collement and/or across the accretionary wedge. The underthrust material is here unconsolidated from a mechanical point of view. Laboratory experiments indicate that the dominant processes at this range of pressures are grain rolling, particle rotation and frictional slip at grain contacts. Within Zone II, velocity (and porosity) remains constant for \~{} 16~km (SIS-72) and \~{} 12~km (SIS-18). This suggests undrained conditions resulting in growing fluid overpressure at the subduction channel. Grain deformation is similar to Zone I. Within Zone III, velocity increases and porosity falls rapidly, indicating sediment compaction and subsequent release of over-pressured fluids, where grain deformation is likely to be elastic. This might be the dominant process until the grains attain their crushing strength, resulting in granular cataclasis and, eventually, in the collapse of the system. We suggest that over-pressured fluid release may induce hydrofracturation and it is likely to increase inter-plate coupling down from Zone III. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {fluid overpressure, grain deformation, subduction channel, velocity inversion},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.061},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-39649120786\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {CALAHORRANOB, A and SALLARES, V and COLLOT, J and SAGE, F and RANERO, C}
}
@conference {Shariat-Panahi2008a,
	title = {{Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS): An instrument for marine seismic data acquisition}},
	booktitle = {2008 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics},
	year = {2008},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {1183{\textendash}1186},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {The OBS (Ocean Bottom Seismoemter) has been a key instrument for geophysical study of sea sub-bottom layers in the last decades. Now scientists are demanding highly relaible autonomous equipment capable of staying underwater for long periods of time and therefore handling large data storage. Power consumption of the acquisition system as well as a stable time base with temperature are the main issues in order to achieve high autonomy together with a good data quality. This paper presents a new Ocean Bottom Seismometer designed to be used in marine mid-term surveys. To achieve our goals, a new low power datalogger with high resolution and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) based on Compactflash memory card is designed to enable continous data acquisition. The equipment has been evaluated in real environmental conditions during a test cruise in 2006. {\textcopyright} 2008 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Acquisition system, Analog to digital converter, Geophone, Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS)},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-1665-3},
	doi = {10.1109/ISIE.2008.4677225},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57849111983\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Shariat-Panahi, S. and M{\`a}nuel, A. and Bermudez, A. and Ambros, M. and Sallar{\`e}s, V. and Molino, E.}
}
@article {Secanell2008,
	title = {{Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of the Pyrenean region}},
	journal = {Journal of Seismology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {323{\textendash}341},
	abstract = {A unified probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) for the Pyrenean region has been performed by an international team composed of experts from Spain and France during the Interreg IIIA ISARD project. It is motivated by incoherencies between the seismic hazard zonations of the design codes of France and Spain and by the need for input data to be used to define earthquake scenarios. A great effort was invested in the homogenisation of the input data. All existing seismic data are collected in a database and lead to a unified catalogue using a local magnitude scale. PSHA has been performed using logic trees combined with Monte Carlo simulations to account for both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. As an alternative to hazard calculation based on seismic sources zone models, a zoneless method is also used to produce a hazard map less dependant on zone boundaries. Two seismogenic source models were defined to take into account the different interpretations existing among specialists. A new regional ground-motion prediction equation based on regional data has been proposed. It was used in combination with published ground-motion prediction equations derived using European and Mediterranean data. The application of this methodology leads to the definition of seismic hazard maps for 475- and 1,975-year return periods for spectral accelerations at periods of 0 (corresponding to peak ground acceleration), 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 1 and 2 s. Median and percentiles 15\% and 85\% acceleration contour lines are represented. Finally, the seismic catalogue is used to produce a map of the maximum acceleration expected for comparison with the probabilistic hazard maps. The hazard maps are produced using a grid of 0.1{\textdegree}. The results obtained may be useful for civil protection and risk prevention purposes in France, Spain and Andorra. {\textcopyright} Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.},
	keywords = {Andorra, France, Monte Carlo, Probabilistic, Seismic hazard, Seismic zonation, Spain},
	issn = {1383-4649},
	doi = {10.1007/s10950-008-9094-2},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-46349102115\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Secanell, R. and Bertil, D. and Martin, C. and Goula, X. and Susagna, T. and Tapia, M. and Dominique, P. and Carbon, D. and Fleta, J.}
}
@article {Hernandez-Molina2008,
	title = {{Recent sedimentary processes in the Prestige site area (Galicia Bank, NW Iberian Margin) evidenced by high-resolution marine geophysical methods}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {249},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {21{\textendash}45},
	abstract = {An echo-character analysis of the oil tanker Prestige wreck area was undertaken using high-resolution marine geophysical methods (TOPAS and airgun seismic-reflection profiles, multibeam echosounder and TOBI sidescan sonar). Integration and comparison of the results using all these methods is presented given some practical applications for indirect near-surface and seafloor interpretations. Ten different echo types were identified and grouped into four main classes: I) distinct; II) indistinct; III) irregular and IV) hyperbolic. Echo-character distribution enabled us to determine recent sedimentary processes in the area. Two major depositional systems can be found through the identification of these sedimentary processes: a) a slope depositional system (SDS) located in the eastern and central area, where mass-movement processes are dominant and b) a turbiditic Main Channel depositional system (TDS) located in the western area where channel-related processes are dominant. Both of these interact over the half-graben structure of the southwestern sector of the Galicia Bank, where the Prestige wreck is located. Within the SDS, erosive and depositional mass-movement processes characterised a complex depositional system. Erosive processes occur on the fault scarp, channels head, inter-lobe channels and distal part of the sedimentary lobes. Moreover, depositional processes take place on the top of the fault scarp, sedimentary wedges, sedimentary lobes, and on the west flank of the Main Channel. Both depositional systems interact, but the SDS should be more active during fault-scarp reactivation periods, through relief rejuvenation and new exposed deposits. Microearthquake activity would favour the available materials, being weathered, eroded and transported by mass-movements. In such a situation, the TDS acts as the main collector of eroded sediment derived from the fault scarp throughout the SDS being responsible for its evacuation into the Iberian Abyssal Plain. However, outside of fault reactivation periods, the SDS is less active (such as during the present situation). {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {echo-character analysis, Galicia Bank, high-resolution seismic profiles, sedimentary process, swath bathymetry, TOBI sidescan sonar},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2007.09.011},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-39549115454\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Hern{\'a}ndez-Molina, F.J. and Llave, E. and Ercilla, G. and Maestro, A. and Medialdea, T. and Ferrin, A. and Somoza, L. and Gr{\`a}cia, E. and Masson, D.G. and Garc{\'\i}a, M. and Vizcaino, A. and Le{\'o}n, R.}
}
@article {LoIacono2008a,
	title = {{Very high-resolution seismo-acoustic imaging of seagrass meadows (Mediterranean Sea): Implications for carbon sink estimates}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {35},
	number = {18},
	year = {2008},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {L18601},
	abstract = {Posidonia oceanica is a widespread coastal Mediterranean seagrass which accumulates in its subsurface large quantities of organic material derived from its roots, rhizomes and leaf sheaths embedded in sandy sediments. These organic deposits may be up to several meters thick as they accumulate over thousands of years forming the matte, whose high content in organic carbon plays a major role in the global ocean carbon cycle. In this study, very high-resolution seismo-acoustic methods were applied to image the subsurface features of a P. oceanica seagrass meadow at Portlligat (Cadaqu{\'e}s, Girona, Spain), in the NW-Mediterranean Sea. Our findings yield fresh insights into the settling of the P. oceanica meadow in the study area, and define with unprecedented detail the potential volume occupied by the matte. A strong reflector, located from 4.3 to 11.7 m depth, was recognized in several seismo-acoustic profiles as the substratum on which P. oceanica first settled in the study area. A 3D bathymetric model of this substratum allowed us to reconstruct the Portlligat palaeo-environment prior to the settling of P. oceanica, which corresponded to a shallow coastal setting protected from the open sea. A core drilled in the meadow at Portlligat revealed the presence of a 6 in thick dense matte composed of medium to coarse, sandy sediments mixed with plant debris and bioclasts. Radiocarbon datings revealed a constant accretion rate of the matte of about 1.1 m/kyr. Gravelly bioclastic deposits observed at the base of the core correspond to the base of the matte and gave a date of 5616 {\textpm} 46 Cal yr BP. For the first time, very high-resolution marine geophysical techniques allowed us to accurately define the volume occupied by P. oceanica matte, which in the study area reaches up to almost 220,000 {\textpm} 17,400 M3. This result is an important step forward in our efforts to estimate the size of the carbon sink represented by P. oceanica meadows along the Mediterranean coasts significantly contributing to the biosphere carbon cycle. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2008GL034773},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57849159443\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Lo Iacono, Claudio and Mateo, Miguel Angel and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Guasch, Lluis and Carbonell, Ram{\'o}n and Serrano, Laura and Serrano, Oscar and Da{\~n}obeitia, Juanjo}
}
@booklet {McIntosh2007,
	title = {{The Nicaragua Convergent Margin: Seismic Reflection Imaging of the Source of a Tsunami Earthquake}},
	journal = {The seismogenic zone of subduction thrust faults},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {257{\textendash}287},
	publisher = {University of British Columbia Press},
	abstract = {Peer Reviewed},
	isbn = {isbn: 978-0-231-13866-6},
	url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/108405},
	author = {McIntosh, Kirk D and Silver, Eli a and Ahmed, Imtiaz and Berhorst, Arnim and Ranero, C{\'e}sar R and Kelly, Robyn K and Flueh, Ernst R}
}
@conference {Urgeles2007,
	title = {{Scientific Ocean Drilling Behind the Assessment of Geo-hazards from Submarine Slides}},
	booktitle = {Eos},
	volume = {88},
	number = {17},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {192},
	issn = {00963941},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249827905\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Urgeles, Roger and Camerlenghi, Angelo and Ercilla, Gemma and Anselmetti, Flavio and Br{\"u}ckmann, Warner and Canals, Miquel and Gr{\'a}cia, Eul{\`a}lia and Locat, Jacques and Krastel, Sebastian and Solheim, Anders}
}
@book {Sallares2007,
	title = {{Special Paper 430: Plates, Plumes and Planetary Processes}},
	series = {Special Paper of the Geological Society of America},
	volume = {430},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {507{\textendash}524},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America},
	organization = {Geological Society of America},
	abstract = {At present there is no single "unified theory" capable of explaining the variety of geological, geophysical, and geochemical observations that characterize what is generically known as hotspot magmatism. An increasing number of geophysical and geo- chemical observations disagree with the predictions of the conventional thermal plume model, in which excess melting is due mainly to high mantle temperatures. Other parameters such as the presence of water or the composition of the mantle source have been shown to be as important as temperature in controlling the structure and physical properties of the igneous crust. In this article we first emphasize the importance of doing proper velocity and density modeling, including comprehensive uncertainty analysis, to determine how well resolved the geophysical parameters actually are. We show that in some cases the contribution of velocity-derived lateral crustal density variations can be sufficiently significant to account for the observed gravity and topography anomalies without calling for noticeable mantle density contrasts. Next we show that the comparison of crustal geometry obtained along age-progressive volcanic tracks enables temporal variations of the hotspot-ridge distance to be estimated. Finally we use a 2-D mantle melting model to illustrate the effect of different mantle melting parameters on the resulting crustal structure. The tests made indicate that it is difficult to find a plausible combination of mantle temperature, upwelling rate, melt productivity, and thickness of the melting zone to explain either the high-velocity, un- derplated bodies frequently described at midplate settings or the lack of a positive crustal thickness-velocity (H-Vp) correlation found at igneous provinces originated on-ridge. We suggest that the main parameter controlling the generation of volcanic underplating is the presence of a lithospheric lid limiting the extent of the mantle melting zone, whereas the H-Vp anticorrelation can be related to the presence of a major element heterogeneity, such as eclogite derived from recycled oceanic lithosphere, in the mantle source. {\textcopyright} 2007 The Geological Society of America.},
	keywords = {Crustal structure, Density, Mantle melting parameters, Seismic velocity},
	isbn = {978-0-8137-2430-0},
	issn = {00721077},
	doi = {10.1130/978-0-8137-2430-0},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-75749138216\&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
	author = {Sallares, Valenti and Calahorrano, Alcinoe}
}
